규범의 근거로서 친친(親親) 존존(尊尊)의 정당화 문제

Abstract

The issue of whether chinchin(feelings of love for one's family) and jonjon jonjon (respect for noble people or values) can justifiably become the basis of courtesy norms is ultimately a matter of finding the possibility of harmonizing the two concepts. In understanding chinchin and as the basis or principles of courtesy norms, when loyalty toward the sovereign, which is the absolute foundation for the legalist thought, is described as being based on the courtesy norms of Confucianism using the content of jonjon, the concepts of chinchin and jonjon come to have a tense and conflicting relationship within the courtesy norms, either understood as being mutually contradictory or bringing about confusion of meaning. In the Zhou Dynasty, the conflict between clans and the state had been resolved through the implementation of a feudal system, but during the period of the warring states, clan rules were followed. Although Confucianists shared the legalists' perception of the problems of their period, they rejected the incompatible logic of chinchin and jonjon based on egocentrism that was being presented by the legalists, and instead tried to overcome the problems by presenting various ideas of jonjon. Mencius' concept of being loyal to one's sovereign was one alternative in that it was an extension of the veneration given toward the elders in one's clan, but Hsun-Tzu, who was already keenly aware of the need to conceive a state that could transcend clans, strongly promoted social order and political, legal consistency on the one hand, and presented a sovereign who was both intelligent and moral as the idea of jonjon on the other. In this way, he tried to accommodate within the principle of jonjon the feelings of love and voluntary approval and devotion without estrangement. LiJi(The Record of Rites) presents jonjon as revering the ancestors and honoring the elders that maintained the hierarchical order within a clan, thus establishing an inner mechanism in which feelings of love and the principles of jonjon were not mutually exclusive. This logic of revering the ancestors and honoring the elders served as a central principle in objectifying the Confucian authority of the king after the Han Dynasty into a ritual legal norm of the state, and thus plays a most central role in justifying chinchin and jonjon as the basis of traditional courtesy norms.