미국 학계에서의 조선성리학 연구현황
Choson Confucianism in American Academy
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초록
본 논문은 ‘한국사상’에 대한 해외학계의 연구성과를 정리함으로써 현황을 살펴보고 이를 토대로 오늘날 한국인의 삶과 문화를 형성한 ‘조선성리학’에 대해 ‘미 학계’는 어떻게 이해하고 연구했는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 한국의 사상과 문화에 대한 국제사회의 이해정도를 알 수 있고 어떤 관점과 분야에서 연구하는 것이 조선성리학의 재조명을 위해 바람직한지 알 수 있을 것이다. 조선 성리학에 대한 연구는 크게 두 가지 흐름을 형성하고 있는 것으로 정리할 수 있다. 하나는 종교 내지 철학적 관점에 따라서 조선성리학을 연구하는 것이다. 이 경우 연구의 주된 대상은 퇴계와 율곡에 집중되어 있다. 대표적인 학자는 Kalton, Ro 그리고 Chung(Edward)이 있다. 다른 하나는 지성사 내지 문화사적 관점에 입각한 연구이다. 이러한 입장은 주로 유교사상 속에서 조선시대의 삶과 문화 그리고 대외관계를 연구하고 있다. 대표적인 교수는 Palais, Haboush, Duncan 그리고 Chung(Chai-sik)이 있다. 위와 같은 연구경향을 보면, 조선성리학연구가 앞으로 나아가야할 바람직한 방향을 추측할 수 있다. 첫째, 조선성리학의 특징을 명확히 드러내고 한국사상의 특징을 설명하기 위해 ‘조선성리학사’를 체계적으로 완성하는 일이다. 이를 위한 첫 단추는 牧隱 李穡의 사상을 연구하는 것에서 시작된다. 둘째, 조선성리학을 윤리학적 관점에서 접근하는 것이다. 서구윤리학의 한계를 극복하기 위해 유가 윤리학을 살펴보는 것이라면, 퇴계의 사상은 유가윤리학의 본질을 서구학계에 제시할 수 있는 중요한 가르침이 된다. 셋째, 조선성리학에 대한 연구가 주로 지성사 내지 문화사적 관점에서 이뤄진다면, 앞으로 중요하게 다뤄질 연구 분야는 조선후기 인물성론을 논한 ‘湖洛論爭’이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to know how American academy has studied and understood Choson Confucianism which formed the Korean life and culture at present. For this, I approached chronologically the researches on Choson dynasty Confucianism in American academy. The following is to summarize the current researches on Choson confucianism in American Academy and then, on the basis of this summary, I will expect which area in Choson Confucianism should be studied. The study on Choson Confucianism can be summarized into two categories. The one is the approach from the religious or philosophical perspective. In this case, the object of the study is focused on Toegye and Yulgok. The representative scholars of this field are Kalton, Ro and Chung(Edward). On the other hand, the other approach is from the intellectual or cultural history. In this case,the investigation is mainly about the life and culture in Choson dynsty Confucianism and the Choson dynasty in international relations. The representative scholars of this field are Palais, Hoboush, Dunca and Chung(Chai-sik). Viewing two research trends, we can conceive the right direction of the study in the future. The best way to rehabilitate the study on Choson Confucianism is to build the characteristics of Choson Confucianism and to show that Choson Confucianism can be the meaningful thought for our life. To understand fully the characteristics of Choson Confucianism, we have to study the thought of Yi Sack(李穡) who lived during the period of late-Koryo and early-Choson. I think the studies on the Four-Books(四書) have been focused on ethics. Viewing this trend, it is very interesting to study Toegye's Ten Diagrams on Sage Learning since that book is the text for the ethics. In the history of Choson Confucianism, there is a very famous debate which started vigorously at the late Choson. It is the Ho-Rak debate(湖洛論爭) that discussed the relation between human's and thing's nature(人物性論). By studying this subject, we can understand the two aspects of the late Choson. One is the philosophical aspect including intellectual history and the other is the historical aspect including social and cultural issues.
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