한국선도의 전개와 신종교의 성립 – 왜 한국에선 도교 교단이 성립되지 않았는가 –

Abstract

I have closely examined characteristics of Taoism based upon the fact why Taoism had failed to form Taoistic religious fraternity in Korea unlike in China. The reasons that Taoistic religious fraternity failed to be formed can get down on these following six elements according to the analysis. At first, during the Three-Kingdom Age, they had no such a need to affirmatively accept Taoism since they had already got such religious and cultural background over years as that of Taoism as far as seondo's factors are concerned. I think that is the reason why Taoistic religious fraternity failed to be formed after then. Second, the exclusivity of Buddhism in Koryo Kingdom and Confucianism in Joseon Dynasty can matter. Thirdly, there was relatively not many civil uprising experiences. Fourth, Taoism was absorbed into korean shamanism, therefore there was no need to form Taoism additionally. Fifth, no religious leader or pioneer had emerged before the emergence of Donghak. therefore there was no dogmatic formation therewith. Sixth, civil energy resisting oppressive authority was absorbed into and expressed in the form of Buddhistic 'mi-reak-shin-ang彌勒信仰' rather than Taoism. On the other hand, korean new-religions including Donghak had emerged to the front of history satisfying the aspiration of the civil based upon new dogmatic interpretation such as Confucian/Buddhism/Taoism unity, human equality thinking, hoo-cheon-gae-byeok, etc as well as emergence of outstanding religious leader in the era of local and overseas risky surroundings at the time. It can be interpreted that the tradition of 'Seon' from ancient times went through 'Gwai Taoism科儀道敎' in Koryo Kingdom, and ‘Naedan training’ to the intelligent in Joseon Dynasty, and finally it has been resurrected to the folks as Korean new-religions. Therefore, Korean new-religions naturally includes ancient Taoistic characteristics, that is rituals to the Heavenly God, tradition of training, Three Religion unifying integrated and harmonious world view. At the same time Korean new-religions has succeeded to such traditions as they are, collected and expanded civil resistance energy torment under extreme disorder as well as aspiration for Utopia which aims to open a new Taoistic world on earth while lifting government-led and elite seondo's tradition into civil religion.