인도네시아 족자까르따의 민주화와 지방자치화 : 새로운 정당정치 그리고 새로운 유형의 금권정치

Abstract

Institutional reform brought by democratic transition and decentralization is not of itself a sufficient condition for significant attitudinal and behavioral changes among those who operate the institutions. In another words, formal democratic reforms and decentralized political decision-making do not by themselves ensure the institutionalization of democratic practices. The political developments in post-Soeharto Indonesia have shown that the practical effects of the revitalization of multi-party parliamentary politics in many regions have not always led to transparent and accountable decision-making. More specifically, the recent history of Yogyakarta has shown a persistence of undemocratic practices in the regions post-authoritarian party and parliamentary politics. Although undemocratic practices are not new to Indonesian politics, they have been reactivated and institutionalized within local political institutions that have claimed dramatically expanded influence over the decision-making processes since 1998. This article investigates several cases observed at the provincial and municipal assemblies of post-Soeharto Yogyakarta, proving that the fall of the authoritarian regime and the following dissolution of Soeharto’s hierarchical patronage system have reactivated and dispersed money politics into the regions. While local assemblies have grown as new loci of power, there has been much less effort to monitor and control the actual use of the devolved power. Legal restraints regarding the practices of money politics still play a negligible role and, more significantly, many local party politicians have shown an inclination to equate their expanded power with correspondingly increased financial rewards.