諸子百家의 성립과 분류에 관한 康有爲 『孔子改制考』의 접근법

Abstract

This thesis is to attempt to understand Hundred Schools (諸子百家) in the Chinese Warring States period (春秋戰國時代). Kang Yu wei (康有爲) argued in Confucius as a Reformer (孔子改制考) that it was a general tendency of the time for Hundred Schools to implement Takgogaeje (託古改制, reforming the system by depending on the past) by establishing new schools. Unlike an existing method for classifying Hundred Schools by their similarity, therefore, he tried classifying Hundred Schools with the standard of Takgogaeje, a unique system imposed by each school. Through process to establish schools with forming explanation and teaching → reforming the system → Takgogaeje, Hundred Schools in the Chinese Warring States period gradually reinforced exactitude and systemicity of their arguments and theories. They also constructed their positions as an independent school by interacting with each other through both conflicts and harmony with other schools. Eventually, several schools representing Hundred Schools distinguished themselves through the three stages and dominated the world of thought. This approach is unique in that it has not been attempted in existing studies on Hundred Schools. This provides a new possibility to understand and interpret the emergence and development of Hundred Schools and will also serve as a useful reference in the field of history of thought in ancient China.