死生觀을 통해서 본 노자⋅장자 철학의비교 연구

Abstract

This essay is aimed at making clear whether Laozi老子 and Zhuangzi莊子`s views of death and life are in accord mutually and how their Tao道 and T德e, which support that views in their philosophy, are different. And thereby it investigates the validity of putting Laozi and Zhuangzi together into Taoist school. Laozi and Zhuangzi are contrary to each other in views of death and life. Laozi, accepting death as a providence, pursuits long life and sees premature death in a negative way, on the other hand Zhuangzi, accepting death and life equal, sees grief at death in a negative way, in general. In relation to death Laozi pursuits, long life and Zhuangzi pursuits freedom from the agony of grief. Their Tao and Te are also different to each other. Laozi emphasizes the quality of wuwei無爲 of Tao and Te. Zhuangzi emphasizes 'the quality of not-dividing matters' of Tao and 'the quality of adapting oneself to destiny' of Te. This difference comes from the difference of premise on destiny and it is caused by the difference of audiences to whom they tell. Laozi tells to lords and Zuangzi to learned men. In conclusion, there is no ground, except for Zuangzi`s using the expression of Tao, to see Zuangzi`s philosophy as the same as Laozi`s and to classify Zuangzi into Taoist school. Therefore there should be rediscussion about putting Laozi and Zhuangzi together into Taoist school concentrated in the method of governing and nurturing life.