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투자기회, 과잉투자 및 조세회피:코스닥 상장기업을 중심으로

Investment Opportunities, Over Investment and Tax Avoidance:Focusing on KOSDAQ Listed Firms

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초록

[연구목적]본 연구는 코스닥 상장기업의 조세회피에 대한 투자기회 및 과잉투자의 관련성을 실증 분석하고자 한다. 코스닥 상장기업은 지속적인 성장성을 담보하고, 시장지배력을 확보하기 위해 지속적인 투자 활동을 수행할 동기가 강하지만, 이러한 투자과정에서 대규모 자본이 소요되는 관계로 고비용의 외부자본 조달보다 다양한 수단을 활용하여 내부자금조달을 선호할 강한 동기가 존재한다. 기업은 내부자금조달을 위한 수단으로 조세회피에 대한 강한 동기를 가질 수 있다. 벤처기업과 중소․중견 기업규모의 특성을 지니는 코스닥 상장기업의 특성상 투자기회와 과잉투자는 조세회피의 전략적 선택에 있어 중요 요인으로 작용할 수 있으므로, 투자기회와 과잉투자에 기초한 조세회피 분석은 기존의 연구결과에 대한 새로운 시각을 제공할 수 있다. 조세회피의 궁극적 목표가 법인세최소화를 통한 현금자원의 확보임을 감안할 때, 코스닥 상장기업은 정보비대칭으로 인한 내부자금 유보에 강한 동기를 갖게 되고, 과도한 조세회피 동기는 투자기회 및 과잉투자와 밀접한 관련성이 존재함을 실증 분석을 통해 확인하고자 한다. [연구방법]표본기업은 12월 결산법인인 코스닥 상장기업으로 선정하였고, 분석 기간은 2015년부터 2019년까지로 하였다. 본 연구는 조세회피 대리변수로 현금에 기초한 유효세율(Cash ETR)인 CTAX과 GAAP에 기초한 유효세율인 GTAX 변수를 사용하였다. 분석모형은 기업의 투자기회 및 과잉투자를 관심변수, 기업특성 변수를 통제변수로 포함한 회귀모형을 채택하였다. [연구결과]본 연구의 결과, 조세회피(CTAX)에 대한 과잉투자의 관련성을 확인하였다. 투자기회가 후발기업 상황인 코스닥 상장기업의 과잉투자와 조세회피의 관련성에 중요한 요인으로 작용하고, 이를 통해 기업 간 조세회피(CTAX) 차이에 대한 설명요인으로 과잉투자 변수 관련성에 대한 해석에서 투자기회에 대한 고려가 필요함을 확인하였다. [연구의 시사점]본 연구는 조세회피의 결정요인으로 국내외에서는 상대적으로 주목받지 못한 코스닥 상장기업을 분석하여 기업의 투자환경과 활동이 조세회피에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구의 새로운 시각을 제공하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Abstract

[Purpose]The main purpose of this paper is to examine whether the tax avoidance of firm dependent on the investment opportunities and over investment. Prior literature on determinants of the tax avoidance, most studies that primarily investigate whether fundamental corporation’s characteristics, general corporate governance and ownership structures etc affects the tax avoidance. We insist that the investment opportunities and over investment drive the larger scale of the tax avoidance, as compared to firm. [Methodology]For this purpose, we described prior literature review and we examined various researches to provide understanding of relationships with strategic intent on the investment opportunities and over investment. We expect the relation among the investment opportunities, over investment and ETR, owners’ incentives to expropriate minority shareholders using the investment opportunities and over investment increase Cash ETR and GAAP ETR. Therefore, this paper hypothesize that the investment opportunities and over investment exhibit significantly higher levels of ETR than firms with below lower investment opportunities and average investment. To verify these hypotheses, the sample consists non-banking firms with a December fiscal year-end listed on the KOSDAQ over 2015-2019. [Findings]Our results are given as follows. First, we find that over investment increase in ETR based cash differences. This finding provides a better understanding of the conditions under which the effect factor affect the informativeness of ETR difference. Second, contrary to expectations, we can not show that the over investment increase in ETR based GAAP differences. [Implications]In order to better capture the joint effect of the investment opportunities and over investment on the informativeness of ETR, we find that the information content of ETR is significantly greater for firms with high the investment opportunities and over investment.

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