공군 조종사의 팀 멘탈모델 연구 - 교관조종사와 훈련조종사간 차이를 중심으로 -
A Study for ROK Air Force Pilots' Team Mental Models - Focus on the Difference between Instructor Pilot and Trainee Pilot -
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항공분야의 인적요인에 관한 연구에서 의사결정 오류(decision error)는 많은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 최근의 자연적 의사결정(naturalistic decision making) 모델은 전문가의 지식과 경험에 기반을 둔 접근방식으로인지심리학의 연구 성과와 더불어 발전됐다고 평가된다. 이에 공군 조종사의 비행 중 의사결정과정에서도 일종의 지식구조로 정의할 수 있는 멘탈모델에 대한관심이 증가하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 군에서도 2명 혹은 2대 이상의 항공기로 팀을 이루어 비행하는점을 고려한다면 팀 의사결정과정에서 팀원 간 지식구조의 공유를 의미하는 팀 멘탈모델에 대한 보다심층적인 연구가 매우 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 공군조종사 훈련에 있어서 의미 있는 시사점을 제시하기 위해 공군조종사의 비행 중의사결정 과정에서의 교관 및 훈련조종사 집단별 팀 멘탈모델을 주요결정법을 통해 추출하였다. 구체적으로내용분석과 의미연결망 분석을 활용하여 두 집단, 나아가 비행교범 간 비교를 통해 유사성과 정확도를분석하였다. 내용분석 결과, 교관조종사 집단, 훈련조종사 집단, 비행교범 간 비행 중 의사결정시 주로 고려하는요인에 차이가 있었다. 의미연결망분석 결과, 훈련조종사 집단은 교관조종사 집단과 집중도와 밀도에있어서 차이가 나타나 조종사 훈련 시 핵심 개념 위주로 개념 간 관계가 강조되어야 함을 밝혔다. 또한, 훈련조종사 집단은 교관조종사 집단보다 비행교범과의 유사성은 다소 높았으나, 훈련조종사 집단 내개인 간 유사성 표준편차가 교관조종사보다 높았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 훈련조종사의 교육훈련에 적용할 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Decision error takes up significant portion specifically in human factors research. Recent naturalistic decision making model is an approach based on expert knowledge and experience, and it is assessed to have made significant progress along with achievements in cognitive psychology. Therefore even in air force pilots' decision making process, there need to be an academic interest in studying the mental models, which is defined as an organized knowledge structure. Considering the fact that military pilots fly as a team involving more than two persons or two aircraft, in-depth research on team mental models is required to explore organized knowledge shared by team members during team decision making. To suggest practical implications for the pilot training of ROK Air Force, we have elicitated contents of team mental models from instructor pilot group and trainee pilot group by using critical decision method, then analyzed the similarity and the accuracy among those groups and flight manual through the content analysis and the semantic network analysis. As a result of the content analysis, we propose the needs to improve in pilot training, having identified number of differences in pilots' main decision factors during flight decision making among instructor pilot group, trainee pilot group, and flight manual. From the result of the semantic network analysis, we emphasize the need to stress the relationship among core concept during pilot training because there are differences in centralization and density indices between trainee pilot group and instructor pilot group when having the latter as a reference. Also, this study shows that although the trainee pilot group's similarity between the flight manual is higher than that of instructor pilot group, standard deviation in terms of similarity of trainee pilot group is larger than that of instructor pilot group, which tilts our attention to these differences.
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