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사회적지지 및 자기효능감이 항공사 승무원의 긍정적 정서표현에 미치는 영향

Effects of Social Support and Self-efficacy on Positive Emotional Displays among Flight Attendants

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 논문은 항공사 객실승무원을 대상으로 사회적 지지가 자기효능감과 서비스 기업에서 중요시되고 있는 긍정적 정서표현에 미치는 영향관계를 연구하였다. 본 논문에서는 사회적 지지를 제공주체에의한 상사의 지지와 동료의 지지로 설정하여 자기효능감을 높이는지, 그리고 정서노동을 통해 발생되는 스트레스, 소진과 같은 부정적인 결과를 완화하고, 긍정적 정서표현을 실현하는지에 대해 분석하였다. 연구자료는 대표적인 정서노동 수행자인 항공사 객실승무원을 대상으로 419명에게 설문지를 통하여 수집하였으며 분석은 SPSS 및 AMOS를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적지지 중 상사의 지지는 자기효능감에 유의미한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 긍정적 정서표현에는부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기존의 연구에서 나타난 결과와는 상이한 결과로써 고객의 의견(칭송, 불만)을 중요 시 하는 항공사의 특수성이 반영된 결과로 해석된다. 둘째, 동료의 지지는자기효능감과 긍정적 정서표현 정(+)의 모두 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 서비스기업에서 동료의 중요성을 입증한 결과로 보인다. 셋째, 자기효능감이 긍정적인 정서표현에 정(+)의영향을 미쳤다. 이는 긍정적인 정서를 표현하기 위해서는 업무수행에 대한 자기효능감이 필요하다는기존의 연구를 지지하는 결과이다. 본 연구의 결과는 항공사를 포함한 서비스 기업에서 종사원들의 성과를 높이기 위해서는 상사의 지지보다는 동료의 지지와 자기효능감을 높일 수 있는 방안에 대하여 연구하는 것이 필요하다고 여겨진다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social supports (supervisor support,colleague support) on flight attendants’ self-efficacy and positive emotional displays. Using data obtained from a survey of 419 flight attendants of a major airline company in south Korea. The results are as follows: Supervisor’s support is not directly correlated with both employ’s self-efficacy and their positive emotional displays. This observation produced the opposite effect to what was intended mainly because of airlines’ distinctive characteristics including importance of customers’ opinion. On the contrary, colleagues’ support is directly correlated with self-efficacy and positive emotional displays. These results demonstrate the importance of colleagues’ support among flight attendants. Finally, self-efficacy enhance positive emotional displays. These results imply that service organizations such as the airline companies need to pay attention to colleagues’support and self-efficacy, rather than supervisor’s support, to improve service performance.

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