대도시 복수공항시스템 효율성 분석 - 도시 간 및 공항 간 비교 분석 -
Efficiency Analysis of Multi-Airport Systems in Large Cities - Comparative Analysis by Large cities and Airports -
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초록
전 세계 항공운송산업은 국제 교류확대, 여가중시, 라이프 스타일 변화에 따른 수요 증가로 항공교통량은 지속적으로 성장하고 있고 앞으로도 세계 경제의 성장과 개발도상국의 발전 등으로 지속적인성장이 전망된다. 이에 따라 전 세계 대도시권역(Metropolitan)에서는 현존 하는 공항의 인프라 부족, 도심화로 인한 공항 확장부지 부족 등의 한계로 대도시들은 이미 복수공항으로 운영되고 있거나 앞으로 복수공항으로 전환될 예정이다. 복수공항시스템(Multi –Airport System)이 미래 항공수요를 충족할수 있는 핵심 방법이다. 하지만, 복수공항 시스템은 공역부족, 공항 간 역할분담 등 여러 가지 문제점도 함께 내포할 수밖에 없으므로 정책 입안자들은 중장기적인 관점, 국가 전체적인 관점에서 공항간의효율적 역할분담을 통해 시너지를 창출할 수 있는 정책을 입안하고 시행하여야 한다. 본 연구는 국가 및 도시 관점에서 전체의 용량을 극대화하고 시너지 효과를 창출하기 위한 효과적인 정책에 대한 시사점을 찾기 위해 도시간의 효율성 비교분석과 공항 간 비교 분석을 통해 국가 및도시의 경쟁력 강화 정책입안을 지원하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 복수공항으로 운영되는 도시들이효율성이 높았다. 단 운영효율성 측면에서는 단일 공항으로 운영되는 도시들의 효율성이 조금 높게 분석되었는데 이는 제한된 자원으로 최대한의 항공여객을 처리하고 있는 포화상태에 직면하고 있어 항공수요의 지속적인 성장이 전망되는 현실에 비추어 충분하지 못한 공항 인프라를 제공하여 국가나 도시의 미래(잠재)수요를 억제가능성이 있다고 분석될 수 있다. 국가전체적인 관점에서 미래 항공교통수요 증대를 위해서는 확장성이 없는 단일공항으로 운영하는 것 보다는 복수공항시스템으로 전환할 필요가 있고 복수공항 간 효율적 역할 분담을 통하여 국가, 도시전체의 용량을 확대할 필요가 있다. 또한, 복수공항으로 운영되고 있는 도시들 간 비교분석에서는 항공사가 자율적으로 취항공항을 선택할 수 있는 공항 간 균등 국제노선 배분으로 제한된 공항 인프라를 더욱 효율적으로 활용할 수 있다.
Abstract
Global air transportation industry continues to grow due to the expansion of international exchanges, increase of leisure-oriented tendency and change of the life style and expected to grow continuously, because of the development of the global economy and the growth of developing countries. Therefore, world major cities are currently operating or planning to operate the multiple airports in the metropolitan area, due to the lack of current airport infrastructure and limitation of expansion site result from the urbanization. Multi-Airport system is the best solution to handle the future air traffic demand. However, Multi-airport system also has many problems such as lack of airspace and difficulty in dividing role between airports, so legislator(policy maker) should formulate and implement policies that can generate synergy through efficient role-sharing between the airports with a mid-term and national perspective In order to find implications for effective policies to maximize the overall capacity and create synergy from a national and urban perspective, this study supports to make policy that can enhance national and urban competitiveness through comparative analysis of efficiency between cities and cross-airport comparison. The results of this study showed that cities operated by multiple airports were more efficient. However, in terms of operational efficiency, cities operating as single airports was slightly higher, which could potentially curb the future demand of the country and cities by providing an airport infrastructure that is not does not fully reflect the future demand as it faced saturation with limited resources but handling maximum passengers. From national perspective, in order to increase the demand of future air traffic, it is necessary to change to multi-airport system with efficient role-sharing rather than single airport without scalability. Also, Comparative analysis among the cities operating as multiple airports shows that international route equal distribution policy which allow airlines to choose certain airport, could make more efficient use of limited airport infrastructure.
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