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도심항공모빌리티(UAM) 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

A Study on Factors Influencing the Intention to Use Urban Air Mobility(UAM)

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 도심항공모빌리티(UAM)의 초기 상용화에 앞서 잠재적인 이용자인 대중의 UAM(Urban Air Mobility) 수용의도에 영향에 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 기존에 없던 항공 모빌리티인 UAM에 대한 대중의 수용성을 알아보기 위해 혁신확산이론을 바탕으로 이용자의 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 혁신확산이론은 새로운 신기술의 출현과 함께 나타나는 혁신이 사회 시스템 내에서 어떻게 수용되고 확산되는지 신기술과 조직 내에서의 상호작용에 대해 구체적으로 설명하는 기술을 말한다. 혁신확산이론을 설명하는 주요 요인으로는 적합성, 상대적 이점, 복잡성, 시도가능성, 관찰가능성이 있으며, 이러한 주요 요인들이 신뢰와 이용의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 UAM 잠재이용자의 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 국내에서는 2023년 관련법이 제정되고 관련 부처의 주도로 2025년 초기 상용화를 위한 노력이 이루어지고 있으나, 실제 상용화에 앞서 신기술을 이용하게 될 잠재이용자들의 수용의도에 대한 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 이러한 연구격차를 해소하고자 UAM의 초기 상용화 시기 이용자들의 이용의도에 대해 알아보기 위해 2024년 8월 29일부터 9월 5일까지 조사를 수행하였다. 대한민국에 거주하고 있는 20세 이상 성인 남녀를 잠재이용자로 보고 총 506부의 데이터를 수집하였다. PLS-SEM 분석결과 적합성, 시도가능성, 관찰가능성이 이용의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 상대적 이점, 복잡성, 관찰가능성은 신뢰에 직접적인 영향은 물론 간접적으로도 이용의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다는 사실을 보여주었다. 또한 신뢰가 혁신확산이론의 하위변수들과 이용의도간에 매개변수로서 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 대중의 UAM 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인과 함께 신뢰가 이용의도에 미치는 영향을 실증함으로써 연구의 영역을 확장하였으며, 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 학문적 시사점은 물론 실무관계자와 정책입안자를 위한 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

Abstract

The objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing public intention to adopt urban air mobility (UAM) prior to its initial commercialization. To explore public acceptance of UAM, an unconventional mode of air mobility, this study analyzed the determinants of decision-making through the lens of the diffusion of innovations theory. This theoretical framework provides insights into the acceptance and dissemination of innovations within social systems, positing that the adoption of new technologies is influenced by the interplay between these technologies and the organizational contexts in which they are introduced. The diffusion of innovation theory is predicated on several key factors, including compatibility, relative advantage, complexity, trialability, and observability. We conducted an analysis of the impact of key factors on trust and intention to use, with the objective of understanding the factors that influence UAM adoption. In Korea, relevant legislation was enacted in 2023, and efforts are underway to achieve early commercialization by 2025 under the leadership of pertinent government ministries. However, there remains a scarcity of research investigating the acceptance intentions of prospective users regarding emerging technologies prior to their actual commercialization. To address this research gap, a survey was conducted from August 29 to September 5, 2024, aimed at assessing the intention of potential users to adopt UAM in its early commercialization stages. 506 Data was collected from adults aged 20 and older residing in Korea, representing a potential user. The results of the PLS-SEM analysis revealed that perceived compatibility, trialability, and observability directly influence the intention to use UAM, while trust serves as a critical mediator between the sub-variables of innovation diffusion and the intention to use UAM. As a result of the analysis relative advantage, complexity, and observability had a significant positive (+) effect on trust, both directly and indirectly on intention to use. This study contributes to the academic field by elucidating the mediating role of trust in shaping UAM usage intentions and identifying key factors that affect public acceptance. These findings offer valuable theoretical and practical implications for policymakers and industry practitioners seeking to foster public acceptance of UAM.

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