18세기 典牲暑의 인적구성과 기능 - 黃胤錫의 <頤齋亂藁>를 중심으로 -

Abstract

Joseon government had performed many national rituals based on Confucianism. Jeonsaengseo(典牲暑:office of Sacrifice) in charge of animal sacrifices was one of important departments. This study aims to examine the organization and operation of Jeonsaengseo recorded in Hwang, Yeon-seok(黃胤錫)'s "Ijaenango(頤齋亂藁)" in the 18th century. Jeonsaengseo was originally founded in 1392, started with the name of 'Jeonguseo(典廐署) in succession to Gorye(高麗) Dynasty's 'Jangsaengseo(掌牲署)', and acquired its name in 1460. The office building was located in Dunjibang(屯智坊) outside Southern Gate(南大門). "Gyeongguk Daejeon(經國大典:Complete Code of Law)" shows that Jeonsaengseo was organized with 1 Jejo(提調), 1 Jubu(主簿), 1 Jikjang(直長), 1 Bongsa(奉事), 2 Chambong(參奉), 8 Seori(書吏), 3 Gojik(庫直) and Saryeong(使令). But when Hwang, Yeon-seok was served as Jubu, it consisted of 1 Jejo, 1 Jubu, 1 Jikjang, 1 Bongsa, and some Yije(吏隸;petty official and clerk). Three posts of Jeonsaengseo(Jubo, Jikjang, Bongsa) were regarded as Eumgwan(蔭官;protected officials) and filled mostly with illegitimate birth(庶類) among the literati class(士大夫). Particularly well-reputed Eumgwan(蔭官) easily earned the position of Jubu which had a good chance of being promoted to a local Suryeong(守令:magistrate). There were 21 Yiye out of whom 15 people were Cheongjik(廳直:house steward) of Gweonsega(權勢家:top officials), taking charge of tribute. It is notable that most of the people linked with Seori were Namin(南人) and Soron(少論). Officials of Jeonsaengseo received benefit of many stuffs like a hat, a calendar, some paper, firewoods, vegetables, and etc. They had to work for 3 days in turn and were on 10 days duty every month. They should get their evaluation by Jejo(提調) and Yejo(禮曹:Ministry of Rites) Dangsang(堂上:Senior Third Rank). Their work was separated; Jubo took care of matters on cattle, Jikjang on lambs and Bongsa on pigs. Their responsibility for animal status was much heavier than ever as the King Youngjo(英祖) began to check up the sacrifice himself. Making money with beans to fed sacrifice animal was one of their jobs. This study provides valuable information on the organization and operation of Jeonsaengseo from Hwang, Yoon-seok's detailed diary, Ijaenango and offers insights into the process that Seori kept trying to make their own class by connecting with Gweonsega and taking control of working level administrative jobs and economic concession in the 18th century.