조선시대 국가제사에서의 ‘犧牲’ 사용과 그 운영

Abstract

During the Joseon Dynasty, various sacrifices were used in the national sacrifices. It was confirmed as cattle, sheep, and pigs in the Goryeo period when the national sacrifice was established. Sacrifice is a kind of offerings to God, which is of great importance in the country, but the research on this was unexpectedly conducted. In the Joseon Dynasty, the sacrifice was carried out by the Jeonsaengseo(전생서). The cattle that were used as sacrifices were black cattle, not yellow cattle used for farming. This black cattle is not recorded in the Goryeo Dynasty, but it was specifically raised in Jeju Island during the Chosun Dynasty. The cattle were brought to the barn without labor and raised under national interest. Also, the sheep was not produced in Korea but imported from China. The number of cattle was 14 in the Kukjoolyeui(국조오례의) which was created in the early days of Seongjong, but in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, the number of seedlings increased to more than 20. Especially, as the number of kings in the Jongmyo(종묘, royal ancestors’ shrine) has increased, the number of cows has increased accordingly. Particularly, sacrifices were made by using cattle, sheep, and pigs, which were divided into 7 groups, including two legs, two shoulders, two ribs. Sacrifices were made using black cattle in Jongmyo, Yongnyonjeon(영녕전), and Sajik(사직), on the other hand, yellow cattle was used before the Munmyo(문묘, tomb of confucius), Jeokjeonye(적전례) and Munsojeon(문소전) the personal shrine of royal family). The Munmyo uses yellow cattle which is similar in color, but the Jeokjeonye precedes the use of blue cattle, but in reality, it wears yellow cattle and the obscurity which is dyed in blue color. In the late Joseon Dynasty, Yeongjo insisted that Daebodan(대보단, Ceremony of the Ming Emperor) should use the black cattle, but eventually they did not win the opposition and used yellow cattle.