드론의 안전비행을 위한 국부 및 전역지도 인터페이스
Local and Global Navigation Maps for Safe UAV Flight
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
To fly a drone or unmanned aerial vechicle(UAV) safely, its pilot needs to maintain high situation awareness of its flight space. One of the important ways to improve the flight space awareness is to integrate both the global and the local navigation map a drone provides. However, the drone pilot often has to use the inconsistent reference frames or perspectives between the two maps. In specific, the global navigation map tends to display space information in the third-person perspective, whereas the local map tends to use the first-person perspective through the drone camera. This inconsistent perspective problem makes the pilot use mental rotation to align the different perspectives. In addition, integrating different dimensionalities (2D vs. 3D) of the two maps may aggravate the pilot’s cognitive load of mental rotation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relation between perspective difference (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) and the map dimensionality matches (3D-3D vs. 3D-2D) to improve the way of integrating the two maps. The results show that the pilot’s flight space awareness improves when the perspective differences are smaller and also when the dimensionalities between the two maps are matched.
Abstract
To fly a drone or unmanned aerial vechicle(UAV) safely, its pilot needs to maintain high situation awareness of its flight space. One of the important ways to improve the flight space awareness is to integrate both the global and the local navigation map a drone provides. However, the drone pilot often has to use the inconsistent reference frames or perspectives between the two maps. In specific, the global navigation map tends to display space information in the third-person perspective, whereas the local map tends to use the first-person perspective through the drone camera. This inconsistent perspective problem makes the pilot use mental rotation to align the different perspectives. In addition, integrating different dimensionalities (2D vs. 3D) of the two maps may aggravate the pilot’s cognitive load of mental rotation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relation between perspective difference (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) and the map dimensionality matches (3D-3D vs. 3D-2D) to improve the way of integrating the two maps. The results show that the pilot’s flight space awareness improves when the perspective differences are smaller and also when the dimensionalities between the two maps are matched.
참고문헌 (28)
- V. S. Fnu, "Intelligent Fuzzy Flight control of an Autonomous Quadrotor UAV", 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA SciTech Forum (2014)
- The Role of Human Causal Factors in U.S. Army Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Accidents, "S. D. Manning", U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, ~, pp.USAARL Report No. 2004-11 (2004)
- A. D. Andre, "Display Formatting Techniques for Improving Situation Awareness in the Aircraft Cockpit", The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1(3), pp.205~218 (1991)[DOI]
- W. Barfield, "Situation awareness as a function of frame of reference, computer-graphics eyepoint elevation, and geometric field of view", The international journal of aviation psychology, 5(3), pp.233~256 (1995)[DOI]
- M. R. Endsley, "Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems", Human factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 37(1), pp.32~64 (1995)[DOI]
- K. Cho, "Fly a drone safely: Evaluation of an embodied egocentric drone controller interface", Interacting with Computers, 29(3), pp.345~354 (2017)
- J. T. Hing, "Development and evaluation of a chase view for UAV operations in cluttered environments", Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 57(1), pp.485~503 (2010)[DOI]
- K. Neville, "A cognitive work analysis to identify human-machine interface design challenges unique to uninhabited aircraft systems", Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 56(1), pp.418~422 (2012)
- K. W. Williams, "Human Factors of Remotely Operated Vehicles", pp.105~116 (2006), Emerald Group Publishing Limited
- T. P. McNamara, "Egocentric and geocentric frames of reference in memory of large-scale space", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10(3), pp.589~595 (2003)[DOI]
- J. J. Ruiz, "Immersive displays for building spatial knowledge in multi-UAV operations", 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, pp.1043~1048 (2015)
- S. Zollmann, "FlyAR: Augmented Reality Supported Micro Aerial Vehicle Navigation", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 20(4), pp.560~568 (2014)[DOI]
- F. D. Crescenzio, "A first implementation of an advanced 3d interface to control and supervise uav (uninhabited aerial vehicles) mission", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 18(3), pp.171~184 (2009)[DOI]
- R. A. Ruddle, "The effects of maps on navigation and search strategies in very-large-scale virtual environments", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 5(1) (1999)
- Z. Luo, "Spatial learning in a virtual multilevel building: Evaluating three exocentric view aids", International journal of human-computer studies, 68(10), pp.746~759 (2010)[DOI]
- R. N. Sheperd, "Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects", Sicence, 171(3972), pp.701~703 (1971)[DOI]
- A. J. Aretz, "The mental rotation of map display", Human performance, 5(4), pp.303~328 (1992)[DOI]
- S. Burigat, "Passive and active navigation of virtual environments vs. traditional printed evacuation maps: a comparative evaluation in the aviation domain", International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 87, pp.92~105 (2016)[DOI]
- M. Sjolinder, "Age differences and the acquisition of spatial knowledge in a three- dimensional environment: evaluating the use of an overview map as a navigation aid", International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 63(6), pp.537~564 (2005)[DOI]
- L. Gugerty, "Reference-frame misalignment and cardinal direction judgments: group differences and strategies", Journal of experimental psychology: Applied, 10(2) (2004)
- M. T. Dennehy, "Real-time three-dimensional graphics display for antiair warfare command and control", Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, 15(2), pp.110~119 (1994)
- I. D. Haskell, "Two-and three-dimensional displays for aviation: A theoretical and empirical comparison", The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3(2), pp.87~109 (1993)[DOI]
- B. Bauer, "Stimulus dimensionality effects in mental rotation", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22(1) (1996)
- M. J. Sholl, "The construction of cognitive maps", pp.157~186 (1996), Springer
- M. C. Felix, "Real three-dimensional objects: effects on mental rotation", Perceptual and motor skills, 113(1), pp.38~50 (2011)[DOI]
- O. S. Cheung, "Dissociating the effects of angular disparity and image similarity in mental rotation and object recognition", Cognition, 113(1), pp.128~133 (2009)[DOI]
- C. D. Wickens, "Exploring the dimensions of egocentricity in aircraft navigation displays", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 1(2), pp.110~135 (1995)[DOI]
- N. B. Sarter, "Situation awareness: A critical but ill-defined phenomenon", The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1(1), pp.45~57 (1991)[DOI]