길찾기 능력수준에 따라 지도회전이 길찾기와 공간지식에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Map Rotation on Wayfinding and Spatial Knowledge Depending on Wayfinding Ability
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본 연구는 길찾기 능력수준에 따라 네비게이션에서의 지도회전이 길찾기 수행 및 공간지식 습득에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 가상환경 속에서 확인해보고자 하였다. 남자 대학생을 대상으로 길찾기 능력검사를 실시하여 고능력 집단(상위25% 이상)과 저능력 집단(하위 25% 이하)을 각각 15명씩 선발하여, 회전지도 또는 고정지도를 사용할 때의 길찾기 수행수준과 공간지식 습득수준을 측정하였다. 3D 게임 사용경험을 공변량으로 하여 길찾기 능력수준(2: 고/저)과 지도조건(2: 회전/고정지도)을 독립변인으로 하여 반복측정 공변량분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 길찾기 저능력 집단은 회전지도를, 길찾기 고능력 집단은 고정지도를 이용할 때, 다른 지도조건에 비해 길찾기 수행 및 공간지식 습득이 우수하였다. 또한 길찾기 능력 하위요소들과 각 지도조건에서의 길찾기 수행 및 공간지식 습득수준의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 고정지도 조건에서 길찾기 수행은 방향감각과, 공간지식 습득은 지도 활용력 및 시공간 지각력과 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다. 이를 통해, 길찾기 능력 하위요소들의 수준이 전반적으로 낮은 사람은 고정지도 보다는 회전지도를 이용하는 것이 길찾기 수행은 물론 공간지식 습득에도 유리하고, 길찾기 능력 하위요소 중 방향감각이 특히 부족한 사람은 고정지도를 이용하면 길찾기 수행력이 떨어지며, 지도 활용력과 시공간 지각력이 특히 낮은 사람은 고정지도를 이용하면 공간지식 습득이 저조할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
We developed a virtual city to examine the effects of map rotation on wayfinding efficiency (WE) and spatial knowledge (SK) in navigation systems depending on the subjects' wayfinding abilities. Eighty male college students completed the Wayfinding Ability Test, and 30 students who scored above/below the 25th percentile were divided into two groups of 15. In a virtual city, both groups participated in wayfinding tasks using track-up map and north-up map in the first and third session, respectively. Both groups also completed spatial knowledge tests in the second and fourth sessions. To control the experiences of 3D games, 2 (map types) X 2 (groups) repeated-measures ANCOVAs were used. In the results, significant interactions of map types and groups were found on both WE and SK. That is, the students in the lower 25th percentile attained higher WE and SK scores when they used the track-up map rather than the north-up map. In contrast, the students in the upper 25th percentile attained higher WE and SK scores when they used the north-up map rather than the track-up map. After the correlation analysis between sub-components of wayfinding ability and WE/SK in both map conditions, it showed that, in the north-up map condition, the correlation between ‘sense of direction’ and WE and the correlation between ‘using map’/‘visuospatial perception’ and SK were significant. These results suggest that those with poor wayfinding abilities use track-up map more favorably for WE and SK, that those with a poor sense of direction have difficulties with wayfinding when using the north-up map, and that those with poor map/visuospatial perception have difficulty achieving SK when using the north-up map.
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