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지방소멸 대책과 대학체계의 공간적 재편

Regional Development Policy and Spatial Reorganization of Universities

김재훈
한국지역사회학회 (Korean Association Of Regional Studies)|2023.03|지역사회연구 (Journal of Regional Studies)|제31권 제1호|pp. 143-178|DOI 10.22921/jrs.2023.31.1.006

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키워드

지역균형발전Balanced Regional Development지역혁신체계지역고등교육위원회복수캠퍼스Spatial Reorganization of the University SystemMulti-Campus University System
주제분류국제/지역개발

초록

2002년 참여정부 이후 지역균형발전을 위한 정책과 투자는 계속되어 왔음에도 수도권과 비수도권의 격차는 더욱 심화되고 소멸위험 지역이 발생하고 있다. 이에 2022년부터 지방소멸에 대한 대책이 시행되고 있다. 그래서 지역주도성 원칙 아래 각 지자체가 다양한 정책을 실시하고 있는데, 이들 정책들이 과연 전략적이며 체계적인지에 대한 검토와 평가가 필요하다. 특히 여기에 핵심적인 부분으로 대학의 존재와 그 역할에 관한 고려가 전혀 없다. 본 연구는 대학들이 서울과 주요 거점도시에 집중한 것이 지역간 불균형과 특히 소멸위기지역이 나타나게 된 가장 핵심적인 원인이라 본다. 오늘날 지식경제 시대에 산학협력을 통한 혁신 경쟁의 중요성에도 불구하고 지역혁신체계는 기껏해야 광역 지방 차원에서만 고려됨으로써 미시적 수준의 ‘학습지역’ 조성에는 미치지 못했다. 이를 ‘지역혁신체계론의 관념화’라 부를 수 있다. 그래서 대학의 공간적 입지에 관해 주요 선진국과 비교하고, 그로부터 향후 우리나라에서 지역균형발전정책으로 대학체계의 공간적 재편 가능성을 살펴보았다. 물론 오랜 역사적 배경이 다른 만큼 제도와 체계의 이식이 쉽지는 않겠지만, 새로운 방향 설정이 있어야 중장기적 변화가 가능할 것이다.

Abstract

Since the Roh Moo-Hyunn government in 2002, policies and investments for balanced regional development have continued, but the gap between the non-metropolitan area and the metropolitan area is widening and extinction risk areas are occurring. Accordingly, the government has established measures to extinguish the region since 2021 and has been in effect since 2022. For 10 years, 1 trillion won will be invested every year under the principle of regional leadership. Therefore, each local government implements various policies, and as a key part of this, there is no consideration of the existence of universities and their role. Despite the importance of innovation competition through university-industry cooperation in today's knowledge-based economy, the regional innovation system is considered only at the metropolitan level, so the balanced regional development policy has not reached lots of small and medium cities. Therefore, this study compares the spatial system of universities with that of other developed countries in Europe and North America, and examines the historical process of such differences. From that, I argues that spatial reorganization of the university system is important in Korea and seek the ways to overcome the expected problems in that process.

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