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Odorant receptors in cancer

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초록

Odorant receptors (ORs), the largest subfamily of G proteincoupledreceptors, detect odorants in the nose. In addition, ORswere recently shown to be expressed in many nonolfactorytissues and cells, indicating that these receptors have physiologicaland pathophysiological roles beyond olfaction. ManyORs are expressed by tumor cells and tissues, suggesting thatthey may be associated with cancer progression or may becancer biomarkers. This review describes OR expression invarious types of cancer and the association of these receptorswith various types of signaling mechanisms. In addition, theclinical relevance and significance of the levels of OR expressionwere evaluated. Namely, levels of OR expression in cancerwere analyzed based on RNA-sequencing data reported in theCancer Genome Atlas; OR expression patterns were visualizedusing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE); andthe associations between patient survival and levels of OR expressionwere analyzed. These analyses of the relationships betweenpatient survival and expression patterns obtained froman open mRNA database in cancer patients indicate that ORsmay be cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Abstract

Odorant receptors (ORs), the largest subfamily of G proteincoupledreceptors, detect odorants in the nose. In addition, ORswere recently shown to be expressed in many nonolfactorytissues and cells, indicating that these receptors have physiologicaland pathophysiological roles beyond olfaction. ManyORs are expressed by tumor cells and tissues, suggesting thatthey may be associated with cancer progression or may becancer biomarkers. This review describes OR expression invarious types of cancer and the association of these receptorswith various types of signaling mechanisms. In addition, theclinical relevance and significance of the levels of OR expressionwere evaluated. Namely, levels of OR expression in cancerwere analyzed based on RNA-sequencing data reported in theCancer Genome Atlas; OR expression patterns were visualizedusing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE); andthe associations between patient survival and levels of OR expressionwere analyzed. These analyses of the relationships betweenpatient survival and expression patterns obtained froman open mRNA database in cancer patients indicate that ORsmay be cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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