G protein-coupled receptors in stem cell maintenance and somatic reprogramming to pluripotent or cancer stem cells
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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large class of transmembranereceptors categorized into five distinct families:rhodopsin, secretin, adhesion, glutamate, and frizzled. Theybind and regulate 80% of all hormones and account for20-50% of the pharmaceuticals currently on the market. Hundreds of GPCRs integrate and coordinate the functions ofindividual cells, mediating signaling between various organs. GPCRs are crucial players in tumor progression, adipogenesis,and inflammation. Several studies have also confirmed theircentral roles in embryonic development and stem cell maintenance. Recently, GPCRs have emerged as key players in theregulation of cell survival, proliferation, migration, and self-renewalin pluripotent (PSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Ourstudy and other reports have revealed that the expression ofmany GPCRs is modulated during the generation of inducedPSCs (iPSCs) or CSCs as well as during CSC sphere formation. These GPCRs may have crucial roles in the regulation of selfrenewaland other biological properties of iPSCs and CSCs. This review addresses the current understanding of the role ofGPCRs in stem cell maintenance and somatic reprogrammingto PSCs or CSCs.
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large class of transmembranereceptors categorized into five distinct families:rhodopsin, secretin, adhesion, glutamate, and frizzled. Theybind and regulate 80% of all hormones and account for20-50% of the pharmaceuticals currently on the market. Hundreds of GPCRs integrate and coordinate the functions ofindividual cells, mediating signaling between various organs. GPCRs are crucial players in tumor progression, adipogenesis,and inflammation. Several studies have also confirmed theircentral roles in embryonic development and stem cell maintenance. Recently, GPCRs have emerged as key players in theregulation of cell survival, proliferation, migration, and self-renewalin pluripotent (PSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Ourstudy and other reports have revealed that the expression ofmany GPCRs is modulated during the generation of inducedPSCs (iPSCs) or CSCs as well as during CSC sphere formation. These GPCRs may have crucial roles in the regulation of selfrenewaland other biological properties of iPSCs and CSCs. This review addresses the current understanding of the role ofGPCRs in stem cell maintenance and somatic reprogrammingto PSCs or CSCs.
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