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Potential application of biomimetic exosomes in cardiovascular disease: focused on ischemic heart disease

강인숙|Kihwan Kwon
생화학분자생물학회 (Korean Society Of Biochemistry And Molecular Biology)|2022.01|BMB Reports|제55권 제1호|pp. 30-38

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참고문헌

키워드

BiomimeticsCardiovascular diseaseExosomeRegenerative medicineExtracellular vesicles
주제분류화학

초록

Cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease, is amajor cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac repair is one of themost promising strategies to address advanced cardiovasculardiseases. Despite moderate improvement in heart function viastem cell therapy, there is no evidence of significant improvementin mortality and morbidity beyond standard therapy. Themost salutary effect of stem cell therapy are attributed to theparacrine effects and the stem cell-derived exosomes are knownas a major contributor. Hence, exosomes are emerging as a promisingtherapeutic agent and potent biomarkers of cardiovasculardisease. Furthermore, they play a role as cellular cargoand facilitate intercellular communication. However, the clinicaluse of exosomes is hindered by the absence of a standard operatingprocedures for exosome isolation and characterization,problems related to yield, and heterogeneity. In addition, thesuccessful clinical application of exosomes requires strategiesto optimize cargo, improve targeted delivery, and reduce theelimination of exosomes. In this review, we discuss the basicconcept of exosomes and stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovasculardisease, and introduce current efforts to overcome thelimitations and maximize the benefit of exosomes includingengineered biomimetic exosomes.

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease, is amajor cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac repair is one of themost promising strategies to address advanced cardiovasculardiseases. Despite moderate improvement in heart function viastem cell therapy, there is no evidence of significant improvementin mortality and morbidity beyond standard therapy. Themost salutary effect of stem cell therapy are attributed to theparacrine effects and the stem cell-derived exosomes are knownas a major contributor. Hence, exosomes are emerging as a promisingtherapeutic agent and potent biomarkers of cardiovasculardisease. Furthermore, they play a role as cellular cargoand facilitate intercellular communication. However, the clinicaluse of exosomes is hindered by the absence of a standard operatingprocedures for exosome isolation and characterization,problems related to yield, and heterogeneity. In addition, thesuccessful clinical application of exosomes requires strategiesto optimize cargo, improve targeted delivery, and reduce theelimination of exosomes. In this review, we discuss the basicconcept of exosomes and stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovasculardisease, and introduce current efforts to overcome thelimitations and maximize the benefit of exosomes includingengineered biomimetic exosomes.

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