Nuclear structures and their emerging roles in cell differentiation and development
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The nucleus, a highly organized and dynamic organelle, playsa crucial role in regulating cellular processes. During celldifferentiation, profound changes occur in gene expression,chromatin organization, and nuclear morphology. This reviewexplores the intricate relationship between nuclear architectureand cellular function, focusing on the roles of the nuclearlamina, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), sub-nuclear bodies,and the nuclear scaffold. These components collectively maintainnuclear integrity, organize chromatin, and interact withkey regulatory factors. The dynamic remodeling of chromatin,its interactions with nuclear structures, and epigenetic modificationswork in concert to modulate gene accessibility andensure precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression. Thenuclear lamina stabilizes nuclear shape and is associated withinactive chromatin regions, while NPCs facilitate selectivetransport. Sub-nuclear bodies contribute to genome organizationand gene regulation, often by influencing RNA processing. Thenuclear scaffold provides structural support, impacting 3D genomeorganization, which is crucial for proper gene expressionduring differentiation. This review underscores the significanceof nuclear architecture in regulating gene expression and guidingcell differentiation. Further investigation into nuclear structureand 3D genome organization will deepen our understandingof the mechanisms governing cell fate determination.
Abstract
The nucleus, a highly organized and dynamic organelle, playsa crucial role in regulating cellular processes. During celldifferentiation, profound changes occur in gene expression,chromatin organization, and nuclear morphology. This reviewexplores the intricate relationship between nuclear architectureand cellular function, focusing on the roles of the nuclearlamina, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), sub-nuclear bodies,and the nuclear scaffold. These components collectively maintainnuclear integrity, organize chromatin, and interact withkey regulatory factors. The dynamic remodeling of chromatin,its interactions with nuclear structures, and epigenetic modificationswork in concert to modulate gene accessibility andensure precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression. Thenuclear lamina stabilizes nuclear shape and is associated withinactive chromatin regions, while NPCs facilitate selectivetransport. Sub-nuclear bodies contribute to genome organizationand gene regulation, often by influencing RNA processing. Thenuclear scaffold provides structural support, impacting 3D genomeorganization, which is crucial for proper gene expressionduring differentiation. This review underscores the significanceof nuclear architecture in regulating gene expression and guidingcell differentiation. Further investigation into nuclear structureand 3D genome organization will deepen our understandingof the mechanisms governing cell fate determination.
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