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3D epigenomics and 3D epigenopathies

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초록

Mammalian genomes are intricately compacted to form sophisticated 3-dimensional structures within the tiny nucleus, socalled 3D genome folding. Despite their shapes reminiscent ofan entangled yarn, the rapid development of molecular andnext-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has revealed thatmammalian genomes are highly organized in a hierarchicalorder that delicately affects transcription activities. An increasingamount of evidence suggests that 3D genome folding is implicated in diseases, giving us a clue on how to identify noveltherapeutic approaches. In this review, we will study what 3Dgenome folding means in epigenetics, what types of 3D genomestructures there are, how they are formed, and how the technologies have developed to explore them. We will also discussthe pathological implications of 3D genome folding. Finally,we will discuss how to leverage 3D genome folding and engineering for future studies.

Abstract

Mammalian genomes are intricately compacted to form sophisticated 3-dimensional structures within the tiny nucleus, socalled 3D genome folding. Despite their shapes reminiscent ofan entangled yarn, the rapid development of molecular andnext-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has revealed thatmammalian genomes are highly organized in a hierarchicalorder that delicately affects transcription activities. An increasingamount of evidence suggests that 3D genome folding is implicated in diseases, giving us a clue on how to identify noveltherapeutic approaches. In this review, we will study what 3Dgenome folding means in epigenetics, what types of 3D genomestructures there are, how they are formed, and how the technologies have developed to explore them. We will also discussthe pathological implications of 3D genome folding. Finally,we will discuss how to leverage 3D genome folding and engineering for future studies.

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