Applications of CRISPR technologies to the development of gene and cell therapy
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Advancements in gene and cell therapy have resulted in noveltherapeutics for diseases previously considered incurable orchallenging to treat. Among the various contributing technologies,genome editing stands out as one of the most crucialfor the progress in gene and cell therapy. The discovery ofCRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short PalindromicRepeats) and the subsequent evolution of genetic engineeringtechnology have markedly expanded the field of target-specificgene editing. Originally studied in the immune systems ofbacteria and archaea, the CRISPR system has demonstratedwide applicability to effective genome editing of various biologicalsystems including human cells. The development ofCRISPR-based base editing has enabled directional cytosine-tothymineand adenine-to-guanine substitutions of select DNAbases at the target locus. Subsequent advances in prime editingfurther elevated the flexibility of the edit multiple consecutivebases to desired sequences. The recent CRISPR technologiesalso have been actively utilized for the development ofin vivo and ex vivo gene and cell therapies. We anticipate thatthe medical applications of CRISPR will rapidly progress to provideunprecedented possibilities to develop novel therapeuticstowards various diseases.
Abstract
Advancements in gene and cell therapy have resulted in noveltherapeutics for diseases previously considered incurable orchallenging to treat. Among the various contributing technologies,genome editing stands out as one of the most crucialfor the progress in gene and cell therapy. The discovery ofCRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short PalindromicRepeats) and the subsequent evolution of genetic engineeringtechnology have markedly expanded the field of target-specificgene editing. Originally studied in the immune systems ofbacteria and archaea, the CRISPR system has demonstratedwide applicability to effective genome editing of various biologicalsystems including human cells. The development ofCRISPR-based base editing has enabled directional cytosine-tothymineand adenine-to-guanine substitutions of select DNAbases at the target locus. Subsequent advances in prime editingfurther elevated the flexibility of the edit multiple consecutivebases to desired sequences. The recent CRISPR technologiesalso have been actively utilized for the development ofin vivo and ex vivo gene and cell therapies. We anticipate thatthe medical applications of CRISPR will rapidly progress to provideunprecedented possibilities to develop novel therapeuticstowards various diseases.
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