기상청 전지구 해양순환예측시스템(NEMO/NEMOVAR)과 미해군 해양자료동화시스템(HYCOM/NCODA)의 해양 일분석장 열적환경 정확도 비교
A Comparison of Accuracy of the Ocean Thermal Environments Using the Daily Analysis Data of the KMA NEMO/NEMOVAR and the US Navy HYCOM/NCODA
1
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In this study, the accuracy of ocean analysis data, which are produced from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean/ Variational Data Assimilation (NEMO/NEMOVAR, hereafter NEMO) system and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model/Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM/NCODA, hereafter HYCOM) system, was evaluated using various oceanic observation data from March 2015 to February 2016. The evaluation was made for oceanic thermal environments in the tropical Pacific, the western North Pacific, and the Korean peninsula. NEMO generally outperformed HYCOM in the three regions. Particularly, in the tropical Pacific, the RMSEs (Root Mean Square Errors) of NEMO for both the sea surface temperature and vertical water temperature profile were about 50% smaller than those of HYCOM. In the western North Pacific, in which the observational data were not used for data assimilation, the RMSE of NEMO profiles up to 1000 m (0.49oC) was much lower than that of HYCOM (0.73oC). Around the Korean peninsula, the difference in RMSE between the two models was small (NEMO, 0.61oC; HYCOM, 0.72oC), in which their errors show relatively big in the winter and small in the summer. The differences reported here in the accuracy between NEMO and HYCOM for the thermal environments may be attributed to horizontal and vertical resolutions of the models, vertical coordinate and mixing scheme, data quality control system, data used for data assimilation, and atmosphere forcing. The present results can be used as a basic data to evaluate the accuracy of NEMO, before it becomes the operational model of the KMA providing real-time ocean analysis and prediction data.
Abstract
In this study, the accuracy of ocean analysis data, which are produced from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean/ Variational Data Assimilation (NEMO/NEMOVAR, hereafter NEMO) system and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model/Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM/NCODA, hereafter HYCOM) system, was evaluated using various oceanic observation data from March 2015 to February 2016. The evaluation was made for oceanic thermal environments in the tropical Pacific, the western North Pacific, and the Korean peninsula. NEMO generally outperformed HYCOM in the three regions. Particularly, in the tropical Pacific, the RMSEs (Root Mean Square Errors) of NEMO for both the sea surface temperature and vertical water temperature profile were about 50% smaller than those of HYCOM. In the western North Pacific, in which the observational data were not used for data assimilation, the RMSE of NEMO profiles up to 1000 m (0.49oC) was much lower than that of HYCOM (0.73oC). Around the Korean peninsula, the difference in RMSE between the two models was small (NEMO, 0.61oC; HYCOM, 0.72oC), in which their errors show relatively big in the winter and small in the summer. The differences reported here in the accuracy between NEMO and HYCOM for the thermal environments may be attributed to horizontal and vertical resolutions of the models, vertical coordinate and mixing scheme, data quality control system, data used for data assimilation, and atmosphere forcing. The present results can be used as a basic data to evaluate the accuracy of NEMO, before it becomes the operational model of the KMA providing real-time ocean analysis and prediction data.
참고문헌 (29)
- 안순일, "2012 엘니뇨의 발달 분석", 대기, 22(4), pp.465~472 (2012), 한국기상학회
- Beak, Y.-H., "A study on an accuracy of satellite observed and numerical model-calculated SST around the Korean peninsula", pp.2016
- D. J. Bernie, "Modeling Diurnal and Intraseasonal Variability of the Ocean Mixed Layer", Journal of Climate, 18(8), pp.1190~1202 (2005), American Meteorological Society[DOI]
- Bleck, R., "HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) User's Manual: Details of the Numerical Code. HYCOM, Version 2.0.01", 177~ (2002)
- Eric P. Chassignet, "The HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model) data assimilative system", Journal of Marine Systems, 65(1-4), pp.60~83 (2007), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Andrew M. Chiodi, "Simulating ENSO SSTAs from TAO", TRITON Winds: The Impacts of 20 Years of Buoy Observations in the Pacific Waveguide and Comparison with Reanalysis Products, 2017, pp.30(3), 1041~1059[DOI]
- Cho, C. H., "An oceanographic survey of tidal front around Kyunggi Bay", Yellow Sea Res., 2, pp.51~61 (1989)
- Cummings, J. A., "Variational data assimilation for the global ocean", Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications, 2, pp.303~343 (2013)
- Cummings, J. A., "Ocean data impacts in global HYCOM", J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 31, pp.1771~1791 (2014)[DOI]
- Gaspar, P., "A simple eddy kinetic energy model for simulations of the oceanic vertical mixing: Tests at station Papa and longterm upper ocean study site", J. Geophys. Res., 95, pp.16179~16193 (1990)[DOI]
- Halliwell, G., "Evaluation of vertical coordinate and vertical mixing algorithms in the HYbrid-Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)", Ocean Model., 7, pp.285~322 (2004)[DOI]
- 한인성, "Wind-induced Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Thermohaline Front in the Jeju Strait, Korea", Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16(2), pp.117~124 (2013), 한국수산과학회
- Hickox, R., "Climatology and seasonal variability of ocean fronts in the East China, Yellow and Bohai Seas from satellite SST data", Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, pp.2945~2948 (2000)[DOI]
- 정지훈, "2015", 16 겨울 동아시아-한반도 기후 특성 분석, 2016, pp.26(2), 337~345[DOI]
- 정영윤, "기상청 계절예측시스템(GloSea5)의 해양성층 강화시기단기 해양예측 정확도 및 대기 - 해양 접합효과", 대기, 26(4), pp.599~615 (2016), 한국기상학회
- Ji, M., "Impact of data assimilation on ocean initialization and El Nino prediction", Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, pp.742~753 (1997)[DOI]
- Kim, D.-H., "Regional cooling in the South Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean due to global warming", Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, pp.L19607~ (2005)
- 김영호, "한국의 해양예측, 오늘과 내일", 바다, 18(2), pp.89~103 (2013), 한국해양학회
- Shinya Kouketsu, "Changes of North Pacific Intermediate Water properties in the subtropical gyre", Geophysical Research Letters, 34(2) (2007), American Geophysical Union (AGU)[DOI]
- Large, W. G., "Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization", Rev. Geophys., 32, pp.363~403 (1994)[DOI]
- William G. Large, "Sensitivity to Surface Forcing and Boundary Layer Mixing in a Global Ocean Model: Annual-Mean Climatology", Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27(11), pp.2418~2447 (1997), American Meteorological Society[DOI]
- Madec, G., "NEMO ocean engine. Note du Pole de modelisation, No 27", Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), 401~ (2008)
- McPhaden, M. J., "The global tropical moored buoy array", Proc. OceanObs'09, 2, pp.668~682 (2010)
- 민홍식, "HadGEM2-AO의 북태평양 중층수 모의 성능 평가", Ocean and Polar Research, 37(4), pp.265~278 (2015), 한국해양과학기술원[DOI]
- Mogensen, K., "NEMOVAR: A variational data assimilation system for the NEMO ocean model", ECMWF Newslett., 120, pp.17~21 (2009)
- Taewook Park, "An effect of ENSO on summer surface salinity in the Yellow and East China Seas", Journal of Marine Systems, 141, pp.122~127 (2015), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Shuto, K., "Interannual variations of water temperature and salinity along the <TEX>$137^{\circ}E$<", TEX> meridian, 1996, pp.52, 575~595
- Weaver, A. T., "A multivariate balance operator for variational ocean data assimilation", Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, pp.3605~3625 (2005)[DOI]
- Yasuda, I., "The origin of the North Pacific intermediate water", J. Geophys. Res., 102, pp.893~909 (1997)[DOI]