감사위원회의 역할과 효과에 대한 문헌검토 : 감사위원회 모범규준을 중심으로
A Literature Review on the Role and Effect of the Audit Committee : Based on Audit Committee Best Practice
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[연구목적]본 연구의 목적은 감사위원회의 역할과 효과에 대한 선행연구들을 검토하고 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시하는 데에 있다. 2018년 11월 주식회사의 외부감사에 관한 법률의 전면 개정으로 인해 외부감사인 선임 권한이 회사의 경영진에서 감사위원회로 이전됨에 따라 감사위원회는 외부감사인 선임단계에서 이전보다 강력한 권한과 책임을 가지게 되었다. 이러한 시대적 요구에 따라 한국기업지배구조원은 감사위원회 모범규준을 제정하였고 본 연구는 감사위원회 모범규준이 실무에서 요구하는 감사위원으로서의 역할을 제시한다는 관점에서 모범규준을 중심으로 감사위원회 관련 선행연구를 조사하였다. [연구방법]본 연구에서는 감사위원회 관련 연구를 크게 일곱 가지로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 첫째, 감사위원회의 특성에 관한 연구로서 감사위원회의 전문성, 독립성, 활동성을 살펴보고, 둘째, 감사위원회의 구성과 관련하여 감사위원회의 다양성, 셋째, 감사위원회 운영과 관련되어 실무에서 제공하고 있는 감사위원회 교육에 대한 연구를 살펴보았다. 넷째, 감사위원에게 제공하는 보수와 다섯째, 감사위원회와 내부감사부서 (내부통제)의 관계에 관한 연구조사를 수행하였다. 여섯째, 감사위원회와 외부감사인 간의 관계, 그리고 마지막으로, 감사위원회의 활동공시 또는 공시와의 관련성을 살펴본 연구를 조사하였다. [연구결과]선행연구를 종합해보면, 학계에서 중요시하는 감사위원회의 영역과 실무에서 중요시하는 감사위원회의 역할에 다소 차이점이 존재하는 것을 알 수 있다. 여전히 감사위원회와 관련하여 실무계에서 요구하는 연구 분야가 존재하며, 이는 연구자들에게 미래 연구의 기회를 제공할 것으로 판단된다. 특히, 감사위원회의 다양성, 감사위원에 대한 교육, 감사위원에게 제공하는 보수의 적정성이나 보수의 형태, 또는 감사위원회 활동공시에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. [연구의 시사점]본 연구는 학계와 실무계에 다음과 같은 시사점을 제공한다. 첫째, 학계에서는 본 연구를 기반으로 감사위원회 관련 과거 선행연구의 범위, 추세, 방법론 등을 현재 실무에서 중요시하는 주제와 비교하여 어떠한 분야에 대한 연구가 부족하고 앞으로 필요한 지 이해함으로써 후속연구 발전에 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 실무계에서는 감사위원회 모범규준과 관련한 학술 연구를 참고함으로써 앞으로 감독업무나 감사업무를 수행할 때 감사위원의 효과성과 효율성을 높이기 위한 방안을 마련하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
[Purpose]This study provides a literature review and guidance for future research on the role and effect of the audit committee (AC). In Korea, the new “Act on External Audit of Stock Companies” was enacted and enforced in November of 2018, which transfers the power to appoint new auditors from management to the AC, significantly mitigating the threat of management’s influence over the auditor selection process. In response to the rising need for guidelines for the AC, the Korea Institute of Corporate Governance and Sustainability has drafted the “Audit Committee Best Practice” which we use as the main themes within the topic of AC to conduct the literature review given its focus on practice. [Methodology]We provide a synthesis of the literature review based on seven classifications: (1) characteristics of the AC using the expertise, independence, and activities of the AC; (2) diversity of the AC; (3) training for the members of the AC; (4) compensation for the AC; (5) the relation between the AC and internal control system; (6) the relation between the AC and external auditors; and (7) disclosure of AC activities. [Findings]We find that there exist gaps between the current literature on AC and areas for future research, which will provide opportunities for future research. Specifically, we find that there are voids in the literature on the topics of AC in relation to its diversity, training for its members, compensation schemes, its relation to the internal control system, and disclosure of its activities. [Implications]We provide the following contributions to the AC literature. First, academics may refer to this research to develop new research ideas and to fill the void in prior literature covering topics of AC effectiveness. Second, this research would be helpful to standard-setters, management, and external auditors by summarizing findings from prior research based on thematic classifications suggested by “Audit Committee Best Practice”, which has its focus on practice.
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