6⋅25 전쟁 평양탈환 전투에 대한 전술적 과오(過誤) 분석
A historical evaluation of the Battle of Pyongyang in the Korean War through a tactical fault analysis
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본 연구는 6⋅ 25전쟁 시 미 제1군단의 평양탈환 전투를 전투사(戰鬪史)적으로 고찰한다. 유엔군의 평양탈환 전투는 북한의 심장인 평양을 점령함으로써 얻을 수 있는 이점을 최대한 살리지 못했다는 한계를 갖는다. 그리고 이는 미 제1군단이 평양진격 간 일으킨 몇 가지 주목할 만한 전술적 과오로써 뒷받침될 수 있다. 첫째, 미 제1군단은 평양진격 간 공격 기세를 유지하지 못하고, 과도하게 시간을 지체하였다. 둘째, 미 제24사단을 평양진격에서 배제함으로써 전투력 집중을 달성하지 못하였다. 셋째, 북괴군의 퇴로 차단을 위한 포위 기동에 실패하였다. 이처럼 인천상륙작전 성공 이후 38도선을 회복한 유엔군은 평양탈환이라는 전략적 목표 자체에 집착함으로써 상급부대 작전에 기여하기 위한 지혜를 발휘하지 못하였다. 이러한 관점을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 ‘적 수도 탈환’이라는 영광에 가려진 평양탈환 전투의 이면(裡面)에 숨겨진 한계를 발굴해냄으로써 현재에 대한 함의와 교훈을 도출해 낼 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to consider the ‘Battle of Pyongyang’ of the I Corps during the Korean War from the historical point of view. This study argues that there are some limit to the U.N. military’s ‘Battle of Pyongyang’ that it failed to maximize the benefits of recapturing Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. And this can be evidenced by some notable tactical faults that the 1 Corps has caused in ‘Battle of Pyongyang’. First, the I Corps (America’s First Corps) excessively delayed its time during the ‘Battle of Pyongyang’. Second, the 24th U.S. Infantry Division was excluded from the ‘Battle of Pyongyang’ and failed to concentrate its combat capabilities. Third, I Corps did not besiege the North Korean army, and North Korean could escape from Pyongyang. The I Corps was fiercely competitive to arrive in Pyongyang first, and failed to make efforts to contribute to higher-level operations. In conclusion, this study finds some lesson from the I Corps’s tactical faults behind the glory of ‘Battle of Pyongyang’.
참고문헌 (14)
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