서울·경기지역의 고려 후기~조선 초 자기 요업의 양상과 특징

Abstract

Research on Goryeo-period ceramic production in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions has primarily focused on the early to mid-period, especially in areas such as Yongin and Yeoju where intensive surface and excavation surveys have been conducted. In contrast, studies on late Goryeo ceramic production have remained limited due to a lack of excavated data, the decline of local kilns during the Mongol invasions (late 13th to early 14th century), and scholarly emphasis on royal celadons from Gangjin or early Joseon buncheong ware. However, recent detailed surface surveys indicate that the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions maintained a vibrant ceramic industry during the late Goryeo period, and later became central to state-run ceramic production in early Joseon with the establishment of royal kilns. This suggests that ceramic production in the late Goryeo and early Joseon periods was as significant as in earlier periods. This study analyzes the kiln sites and their ceramic products identified through excavation and surface surveys, and synthesizes recent research on regional history and ceramic production in Gyeonggi during the late Goryeo to early Joseon transition. Through this, it aims to clarify the characteristics of ceramic production in the Seoul–Gyeonggi region during this period and examine the socio-economic context in which these features developed. To date, approximately 100 celadon kiln sites from the late Goryeo to early Joseon period have been identified in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions, among which about 80 sites have yielded celadon exhibiting stylistic characteristics of Goryeo ware. These kiln sites are generally distributed in clusters within specific areas, forming distinct kiln groups. The ceramics recovered from each group typically share similar stylistic traits and production techniques, suggesting that they were likely produced by the same agents and consumed by similar social groups. An analysis of environmental and geographical conditions, kiln scale, stylistic features of recovered ceramics, the presence of inscribed or specialized wares, and operational periods reveals several notable characteristics and patterns of ceramic production in the Seoul–Gyeonggi region from the late Goryeo to the early Joseon period. Most late Goryeo kiln sites in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions belonged to large-scale kiln complexes that operated over long periods—either from the early to late Goryeo period or from the late Goryeo to the late Joseon period. Representative kiln sites include the Bukhan Mountain kilns, Seori kilns in Yongin, the Geumdangcheon area kilns in northern Yeoju, the Gwanaksan kilns, as well as the Unaksan and Gwangju kiln clusters. While some kiln sites, such as those at Suyu-dong, Hwahyeon-ri, and Beoncheon-ri, are believed to have produced ceramics for state tribute, the majority are assumed to have been private kilns serving local demand. The concentration of large-scale kilns near Gaegyeong and Namgyeong suggests that the growth of urban centers and commerce created a robust market for ceramics. This pattern continued into the early Joseon period with the establishment of official kilns in Gwangju, and many regions active during the late Goryeo–early Joseon transition maintained ceramic production into the late Joseon period. Despite stylistic changes over time, the persistence of favorable environmental and geographic conditions, along with steady ceramic demand, likely contributed to the long-term continuity of ceramic production in these areas.