정신건강상담의 통합 절충적 4단계 실천모형 모색: 상담 관점과 상담 목표를 중심으로
Exploring an Integrated Eclectic Four-level Practice Model of Mental Health Counseling: Focusing on Counseling Perspective and Counseling Goals
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
한국사회의 급격한 산업화와 현대화 과정은 국민들 간의 빈부격차 등의 경제적 양극화문제는 물론 사회구성원들의 정신장애 등 심리사회적인 문제를 가져왔다. 이혼율, 자살률, 약물중독률, 일반 대중을 겨냥한 무차별적인 범죄 등이 폭증하였다는 점은 그 증거가 된다. 아울러 온-오프라인을 통한 각종 무속 서비스나 유사종교가 성행하고 있는 것도 현대 한국인들의 불안한 정신건강상태를 방증하는 근거가 된다. 하지만 정신질환자를 제외한 일반인들의 정신건강문제에 대응한 국가차원의 정신건강상담 서비스나 학술적 연구는 극히 미진하다. 특히 학술분야에서는 특정한 심리치료이론에만 치우쳐진 연구경향이 농후하며, 통합 절충적인 정신건강상담 실천에 대한 이론적이고 실제적인 연구축적물은 거의 없는 실정이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구의 목적은 4단계로 구성된 통합 절충적인 정신건강상담 실천모형을 상담 관점과 상담 목표를 중심으로 모색하는 것에 있다. 연구결과는 다음에서와 같다. 첫 번째, 탐색수준단계에서는 인본주의와 실존주의 이론에 배경을 둔 상담 관점과 상담 목표를 설정하는 것이 유용한 것으로 보았다. 두 번째, 통찰수준단계에서는 정신역동주의와 인지주의 이론에 배경을 둔 상담 관점과 상담 목표를 설정하는 것이 유용한 것으로 설정되었다. 세 번째, 실행수준단계에서는 인지-행동적 이론과 행동주의 이론을 배경으로 한 상담 관점과 상담 목표 설정이 유용한 것으로 설정되었다. 네 번째, 유지수준단계에서는 사회환경체계이론과 강점중심주의적 배경이론에서 상담 관점과 상담 목표를 설정하는 것이 유용한 것으로 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과들은 기존의 통합 절충적 3단계 모형과는 차별성을 가진다. 따라서 본 연구는 통합 절충적인 정신건강상담의 새로운 모형으로서의 정신질환자는 물론 일반인들의 정신건강문제를 대상으로 한 정신건강상담 실천이론과 실천기술의 향상에도 기여할 수 있다는 이론적․실천적 함의가 있다고 본다.
Abstract
The process of rapid industrialization and modernization of Korean society brought about psychological and social problems such as the economic polarization of the gap between the rich and the poor, as well as mental disorders of the members of society. Divorce rates, suicide rates, drug addiction rates and indiscriminate crimes against the general public are evidence of this. In addition, various shamanic services and Pseudoreligion are active on-off-line, which is a basis for demonstrating the unstable mental state of modern Koreans. However, national mental health counseling services and academic researches in response to the mental health problems of ordinary people except mental illnesses are extremely rare. Especially in the academic field, there is a tendency to focus on specific psychotherapy theories, and there is little theoretical and practical research accumulation of integrated eclectic mental health counseling practice. From this point of view, the purpose of this study is to explore a four-step integrated eclectic mental health counseling practice model focusing on counseling perspective and counseling goals. The results of the study are as follows. First, at the stage of exploration level, it was found useful to set up a counseling perspective and a counseling goal with the background of humanism and existentialism. Second, at the stage of insight level, it was found useful to set the counseling perspective and counseling goal in the background of psychodynamics and cognitive theory. Third, in the stage of action level, counseling perspective and counseling goal setting are set as useful in the background of cognitive-behavioral theory and behaviorist theory. Fourth, in the stage of maintenance level, it is suggested that it is useful to set up the counseling perspective and counseling goal in social environment system theory and strength-centered background theory. These findings are different from the existing integrated eclectic three-stage model. Therefore, this study suggests that there is a theoretical and practical implication that it can contribute to the improvement of mental health counseling practice theory and practice skill for mental health problems as well as mentally ill patients as a new model of integrated eclectic mental health counseling.
참고문헌 (69)
- 고수현, "사회복지상담 실천의 통합 절충적 4단계 모형 연구: 탐색-통찰-실행-유지", 복지상담교육연구, 6(1), pp.105~143 (2017), 한국복지상담교육학회[DOI]
- 고수현, "사회복지상담론" (2017), 수양재
- 국가법령정보센터, "국민건강증진법", ~ (2019)
- 국가법령정보센터, "사회복지사업법", ~ (2019)
- 국가법령정보센터, "정신건강증진 및 정신질환자 복지서비스 지원에 관한 법률", ~ (2019)
- 김동배, "한국인의 정신건강 개념에 관한 연구", 한국사회복지학, 56(1), pp.203~233 (2004), 한국사회복지학회
- 김혜란, "사회복지실천기술론" (2006), 나남출판
- 보건복지부, "정신건강사업안내", ~ (2019)
- 국민건강증진종합계획(Health Plan 2016~2020), "보건복지부", ~ (2019)
- Allport, G. W., "Pattern and growth in personality" (1961), Holt, Reinhart & Winston
- Allport, G. W., "Personality: a psychological interpretation" (1937), Holt
- American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-Ⅴ)", ~ (2018)
- Bandura, A., "Social learning theory" (1977), Prentice Hall
- Belkin, Gary S., "Introduction to Counseling" (1988), W. C. Brown
- Chomsky, Noam, "Language and Mind" (2006), Cambridge University Press
- Cowger, C. D., "Assessing client strengths : Clinical assessment for client empowerment", Social Work, 39(3), pp.262~268 (1994)
- Darwin, C. R., "On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life" (1859), John Murray
- Ellis, A., "Changing Rational-Emotive Therapy(RET)to Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy(REBT)", Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 13, pp.85~89 (1995)
- Ellis, A., "Reason and emotion in psychotherapy" (1962), Citadel Press
- Ellis, A., "Rational psychotherapy", Journal of General Psychology, 59, pp.35~49 (1958)
- Ellis, A., "The practice of rational emotive therapy" (1987), Springer Pub. Co
- Eaton, J. W., "The Assessment of Mental Health", American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)
- Ferenczi, S., "The development of psychoanalysis" (1956), Dover
- Ferenczi S., "The development of psychoanalysis" (1925), Nervous and Mental Disease Press
- Ferenczi S, "Entwicklungsziele der Psychoanalyse" (1924), Int Psycho anal Verlag
- Frankl, Victor. E., "Man’s search for meaning: An introduction lo Logotherapy" (1963), Washington Square Press
- Freud, Sigmund, "On sexuality" (1956), Pengnin Books Ltd
- Freud, Sigmund, "Introductory Lecture on Psycho-Analysis" (1920)
- Freud, Sigmund, "Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die Psychoanalyse" (1917)
- Freud, Sigmund, "Zur Einführung des Narzißmus" (1914)
- Freud, Sigmund, "Die Traumdeutung" (1900)
- Garfield, S. L., "A Study of Eclectic Views", Journal of Clinic and Consulting Psychology, 45, pp.78~83 (1977)
- Gelso, C. J., "Counseling psychology" (2001), Harcourt College Publishers
- Gelso, C, J, "Counselling Psychology" (1992), Holt, Rinehart & Winston
- George, R. L., "Counseling, theory and practice" (1995), Allyn and Bacon Publishers
- George, R. L., "Theory, methods &processes of counseling and psychotherapy" (1981), Prentice-Hall
- Goldfried M. R., "Integrative and Eclectic Therapies in Historical Perspective in Comprehensive Textbook of Psychotherapy: Theory and Practice" (1995), Oxford University Press
- Goldfried, M. R., "Future Directions in Psychotherapy Integration in Handbook of Eclectic Psychotherapy" (1986), Brunner, Mazel
- Hill, Clara E., "Helping Skills: Facilitating Exploration, Insight, and Action", American Psychological Association(APA), ~ (2003)
- Hill, Clara E., "Helping Skills: Facilitating Exploration, Insight, and Action", American Psychological Association(APA), ~ (1999)
- Hollis, F., "Casework: A Psychosocial Therapy" (1972), Random House
- Hollis, F., "Casework: A Psychosocial Therapy" (1964), Random House
- Horwitz, A. V., "A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories, and systems", pp.161~175 (1999), Cambridge University Press
- Jahoda, Marie, "Joint commission on mental health and illness monograph series: Vol. 1. Current concepts of positive mental health" (1958), Basic Books
- Malthus, Thomas Robert, "An Essay on the Principle of Population As It Affects the Future Improvement of Society, with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Goodwin, M. Condorcet and Other Writers", J. Johnson in St Paul’s Church-yard
- Maslow, A., "Toward a psychology of being" (1968), D. Van Nostrand
- Meichenbaum, D., "Cognitive Behavior Modification: An integrative approach" (1977), Plenum Press
- Meichenbaum, D., "Cognitive Behavior Modification" (1974), General Learning Press
- Norcross, J. C., "A Primer on Psychotherapy Integration in Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration" (2005), Oxford University Press
- Norcross, J. C., "Psychotherapy Integration: Setting the Context in Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration" (1992), Basic Books
- Norcross, J. C., "A Study of Eclectic(and Integrative)Views Revisited", Fessional Psychology : Research and Practice, 19, pp.170~ (1988)
- Prochaska, J. O., "Changing for good" (1994), Morrow
- Prochaska, J. O., "Changing to thrive: overcome the top risks to lasting health and happiness" (1994), Hazelden Publishing
- Ulric Neisser, "Cognitive Psychology: Classic Edition" (1967), Psychology Press
- Reid JR, "The role of insight in psychotherapy", An J Psychiatry, 108, pp.726~734 (1952)
- Richmond, Mary Ellen, "What is social case work? An introductory description" (1922), Russell Sage Foundation
- Richmond, Mary Ellen, "Social diagnosis" (1917), Russell Sage Foundation
- Rimm, D, C, "Behaviour therapy and empirical findings" (1979), Academy Press
- Rogers, Carl., "On becoming a person : A therapist’s view of psychotherapy" (1961), Constable
- Rogers, Carl, "Client-Centered Therapy: It’s Current Practice. Implications and Theory" (1951), Houghton Mifflin
- Rogers, Carl, "Counseling and psychotherapy : New concepts in practice" (1942), Houghton Mifflin
- Saleebey, D., "The strengths perspective in social work practice", pp.1~18 (1997), Longman
- Saleebey, D., "The strengths perspective in social work practice", pp.49~57 (1997), Longman
- Saleebey, D., "The strengths perspective in social work practice : extension and cautions", Social Work, 41(3), pp.296~305 (1996)
- Saleebey, D., "The strengths perspective in social work practice" (1992), Longman
- Watson, J. B., "Behaviorism" (1925), W. W. Norton & Company, Inc
- Watson, J. B, "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it", Psychological Review, 20, pp.158~177 (1913)
- Woods, M. E., "Casework-A psychosocial therapy" (1990), McGraw-Hill
- World Health Organization, "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD)", ~ (2018)