The Effects of Special SECURITY Guards' Self-Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Effectiveness

Abstract

With the intensified competition between companies, organizations in modern society are pursuing the organizational performance based on the securement of competent talent competitiveness and diverse strategic bases as means of improving continuous organizational productivity and achieving goals. Together with the police which is the main supplier of public order service, the private security industry of Korea is sincerely doing its roles and functions in the preventive aspect for economic loss/profit, crime prevention, and crime control activities. For such role performance, it is necessary to have self-development by continuously learning new knowledge/techniques in the relevant area without feeling satisfied with daily and directive work. Self-leadership through which each individual can exercise competencies exceeding self-management would be very important to special security guards. The objective of this study is to find the necessity to increase the management efficiency of private security industry and to improve the quality of service through the enhancement of individual special security guard's competence by revealing the relations between special security guards' self-leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, and organizational effectiveness. To achieve this objective, targeting special security guards in Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi, Daegu, Busan, and Jeonnam, the subjects were selected by using the stratified cluster random sampling for three months from January to March 2017. The researcher visited each special security business and then asked for cooperation after providing explanations of the survey. Among the collected questionnaires, total 312 questionnaires were used for the final analysis after excluding 18 questionnaires with no responses or insincere responses. Using the SPSS 20.0 Program for data analysis, the hypotheses were verified through frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. In the results of analysis, first, the explanatory power of analyzing the effects of self-leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, meaning the value of R2 was .245. Regarding the influence relations between independent variables, the behavior-centered strategy(β=.153), natural reward strategy(β=.318), and constructive reward strategy(β=.219) had positive(+) effects on organizational citizenship behavior. Second, the value of R2 meaning the explanatory power of analyzing the effects of self-leadership on organizational effectiveness was .185. Regarding the influence relations between independent variables, the behavior-centered strategy(β=.159), natural reward strategy(β=.156), and constructive reward strategy(β=.260) had positive(+) effects on organizational citizenship behavior.