불확실성하의 정책이전, 확산 그리고 제도변화: 정책 아이디어를 중심으로
Policy Transfer, Diffusion and Institutional Change under Uncertainty: The Role of Policy Ideas
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본 연구는 서구의 경험에 근거하여 발전된 전통적인 정책결정이론, 즉 정책문제로부터 정책평가 및 환류에 이르는 정책과정에 대한 의문에서 출발한다. 서구의 외부주도형 정책과정과 달리 우리나라와 같은 발전국가나 개발도상국가에서는 국가중심의 정책 이니셔티브가 더 발달한 상황에서 과연 서구 정책결정론이 적실성이 있느냐는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 점증하는 정책 환경의 불확실성 속에서 정책 아이디어의 이전과 확산이 정책결정과정의 핵심으로 이해되어야 한다는 것을 주장한다. 불확실성의 상황 하에서 지식공동체나 국제기구, 그리고 선진국의 경험 등에서 이전, 확산의 과정을 거친 정책 아이디어는 정책 문제에 대한 대응력이 약화된 기존 제도의 정당성을 약화시키고 제도변화를 가져오는 로드맵의 역할을 감당하게 된다.
Abstract
While ideal policy-making theories have contributed to understanding process of public policies in general, they have serious limitation in explaining state-centric decision making process easily seen in non-western settings. Unlike the traditional approaches, policy-making in developing countries where institutional instability and policy uncertainty prevail often depends on transferred policy ideas from epistemic communities, international organizations, or advanced countries. Indeed, transfer and diffusion of policy ideas are deemed to be on the increase in an era of globalization and uncertainty. By tackling the concepts of ideas, transfer, and diffusion, this research explores how decision makers utilize various policy ideas and why policies and institutions show divergent patterns amid convergence process.
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