Chemical synthesis and characterization of lead-free bismuth titanate (Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂) from the oxalate method
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Bismuth titanate powders were synthesized by the oxalate method. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and titanium (IV) isopropoxide were used as the starting precursors with a mole ratio of Bi:Ti = 4 : 3 in 0.30M oxalic acid medium. The precipitate powders were calcined between 600 and 900oC for 2 h. The structure was studied by X-ray diffraction, the morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Orthorhombic Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ powders were obtained after calcination at 900oC for 2h. The particles were irregular in shape and highly agglomerated with a particle size ranging from 100-300 nm. The elemental composition of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ powders were identified by the EDXS data.
Abstract
Bismuth titanate powders were synthesized by the oxalate method. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and titanium (IV) isopropoxide were used as the starting precursors with a mole ratio of Bi:Ti = 4 : 3 in 0.30M oxalic acid medium. The precipitate powders were calcined between 600 and 900oC for 2 h. The structure was studied by X-ray diffraction, the morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Orthorhombic Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ powders were obtained after calcination at 900oC for 2h. The particles were irregular in shape and highly agglomerated with a particle size ranging from 100-300 nm. The elemental composition of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ powders were identified by the EDXS data.
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