XRD studies on phase formation and the crystallite structure of BaTiO3 synthesized by HBM: the effect of calcination temperature
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Barium titanate (BaTiO3, or BT) powders were synthesized via a solid state reaction of BaCO3-TiO2 by combining a highenergy ball milling (HBM) technique and a calcination method. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods with a Rietveld refinement, the effects of calcination temperature on the phase formation and crystallite structure of BT powders were studied. It is found that by means of HBM the synthesis temperature for obtaining BT single phase is decreased to 960 oC, which is much lower than that required by the conventional solid-state reaction process, and the crystallite structure of BT is in the (pseudo)cubic form. As the calcination temperature is increased to 980 oC, the structure of BT crystallites transforms from the (pseudo)cubic to the tetragonal form. With an increase in the calcination temperature, both the tetragonality (c/a-1) and crystallite size are increased.
Abstract
Barium titanate (BaTiO3, or BT) powders were synthesized via a solid state reaction of BaCO3-TiO2 by combining a highenergy ball milling (HBM) technique and a calcination method. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods with a Rietveld refinement, the effects of calcination temperature on the phase formation and crystallite structure of BT powders were studied. It is found that by means of HBM the synthesis temperature for obtaining BT single phase is decreased to 960 oC, which is much lower than that required by the conventional solid-state reaction process, and the crystallite structure of BT is in the (pseudo)cubic form. As the calcination temperature is increased to 980 oC, the structure of BT crystallites transforms from the (pseudo)cubic to the tetragonal form. With an increase in the calcination temperature, both the tetragonality (c/a-1) and crystallite size are increased.
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