良心의 自由에 관한 考察
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Abstract
The Article 19 of the Constitution lay down the freedom of conscience; “All citizens shall enjoy freedom of conscience.” In the freedom of conscience, the conscience means the firm ethical belief of inmost heart of human being. So it is distinguished from the religious belief and the logical ideology. But the Article 19 of the Constitution is interpreted that the freedom of conscience includes not only the freedom of conscience but also the freedom of ideology. The Article 19 of the Constitution protects the freedom to form and maintain conscience (especially freedom of silence) and the freedom not to be forced the act which is opposed to personal conscience, but does not protect the freedom to express and realize personal conscience. All the freedom and right of all citizens may be restricted by Act only when necessary for national security, the maintenance of law and order or for public welfare. Even when such restriction is imposed, no essential aspect of the freedom or right shall be violated (Article 37 section 2). The freedom to form and maintain conscience(especially freedom of silence) may not be restricted even if by Act. Because they are composed of essential aspect of the freedom. But the freedom not to be forced the act which is opposed to personnal conscience and the freedom to express and realize personal conscience may be restricted by Act because they accompany external acts.
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