Evolutionary reactions for hydrogen production efficiency improved in various ways by TiO2 modification: a review
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In the context of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, traditional fossil energy fuels have been over-consumed, which hasled to increasingly serious energy problems and a series of environmental issues. Hydrogen energy, which is known to usas a clean energy, is the most ideal alternative to traditional energy sources. Solar photocatalytic and photoelectrochemicalwater splitting to produce hydrogen is an energy conversion process that converts solar energy into chemical energy. As anew hydrogen production technology, it is undoubtedly one of the best means to solve energy and environmental problems. As one of the most researched photocatalytic materials, TiO2 has a series of advantages such as not easy to be photocorrodedor chemically corroded during the reaction, pollution-free, cheap and easy to obtain. But it also has certain disadvantages,such as a large forbidden bandwidth coefficient, the influence of its own crystalline phase, and the low utilisation of visiblelight, etc. In order to better solve the defects of TiO2, this paper focuses on exploring the development of photocatalytichydrogen-producing materials with low cost and high efficiency of hydrogen production. It reviews the photocatalytic andphotoelectrochemical mechanism of TiO2, which analyses the influence of TiO2 itself on its own phase as well as other aspectsof the limitations of the TiO2 and also can be used to address the corresponding countermeasures for these problems. Inthis paper, the methods of doping metal ions, non-metal ion doping and heterojunction construction of TiO2 semiconductorcatalyst water splitting were raised in order to enhance the performance of hydrogen evolution. Doping metal and nonmetalions can inhibit the complexation of electrons and holes as a way to increase the forbidden bandwidth. Moreover, thecontracting heterojunction is an effective solution to boost the performance of TiO2 hydrogen evolution. As one of the mostcommonly used and optimal photocatalytic materials, TiO2 is of great significance to explore and improve its photocatalyticefficiency. The above methods can be used to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2. The above-mentioned methodscan improve the photocatalytic efficiency of photocatalytic materials, which can help to break through a major problemin today's research, and lay a solid foundation for the rapid development of TiO2 photocatalytic reaction technology forhydrogen production.
Abstract
In the context of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, traditional fossil energy fuels have been over-consumed, which hasled to increasingly serious energy problems and a series of environmental issues. Hydrogen energy, which is known to usas a clean energy, is the most ideal alternative to traditional energy sources. Solar photocatalytic and photoelectrochemicalwater splitting to produce hydrogen is an energy conversion process that converts solar energy into chemical energy. As anew hydrogen production technology, it is undoubtedly one of the best means to solve energy and environmental problems. As one of the most researched photocatalytic materials, TiO2 has a series of advantages such as not easy to be photocorrodedor chemically corroded during the reaction, pollution-free, cheap and easy to obtain. But it also has certain disadvantages,such as a large forbidden bandwidth coefficient, the influence of its own crystalline phase, and the low utilisation of visiblelight, etc. In order to better solve the defects of TiO2, this paper focuses on exploring the development of photocatalytichydrogen-producing materials with low cost and high efficiency of hydrogen production. It reviews the photocatalytic andphotoelectrochemical mechanism of TiO2, which analyses the influence of TiO2 itself on its own phase as well as other aspectsof the limitations of the TiO2 and also can be used to address the corresponding countermeasures for these problems. Inthis paper, the methods of doping metal ions, non-metal ion doping and heterojunction construction of TiO2 semiconductorcatalyst water splitting were raised in order to enhance the performance of hydrogen evolution. Doping metal and nonmetalions can inhibit the complexation of electrons and holes as a way to increase the forbidden bandwidth. Moreover, thecontracting heterojunction is an effective solution to boost the performance of TiO2 hydrogen evolution. As one of the mostcommonly used and optimal photocatalytic materials, TiO2 is of great significance to explore and improve its photocatalyticefficiency. The above methods can be used to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2. The above-mentioned methodscan improve the photocatalytic efficiency of photocatalytic materials, which can help to break through a major problemin today's research, and lay a solid foundation for the rapid development of TiO2 photocatalytic reaction technology forhydrogen production.