기업의 조직문화, 흡수역량, 혁신능력과의 관계: 첨단기술 벤처기업에 대한 실증연구
Organizational Culture, Absorptive Capacity, and Innovation Capability: An Empirical Study of Korean Hi-tech Venture Enterprises
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초록
혁신 역량은 많은 기업들에게 생산성 향상을 위한 필수 도구로 간주되고 있다. 또한 최근에는 경쟁 우위를 유지하기 위한 도구로서 혁신능력의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 대부분의 기업은 혁신능력을 보유하고자 노력하고 있지만, 기업의 흡수역량 및 혁신능력을 강화시키는 문화를 만드는 데는 능숙하지 않다. 본 연구는 기업의 조직 문화가 조직의 흡수역량 및 혁신능력에 영향을 미치고, 흡수역량은 기업의 혁신능력에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 연구모형을 제시하였다. 위의 제안을 테스트하기 위해 본 연구는 대덕 연구 개발특구의 하이테크 벤처 기업을 대상으로 총 131개의 유효데이터를 수집하였다. 수집된 데이터의 분석결과 흡수역량은 조직 문화와 혁신능력 사이의 매개 변수 역할을 한다는 사실을 확인하였다. 분석결과에 대한 경영적 함의와 간결한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구결과 흡수역량이 혁신능력에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미침으로써 흡수역량이 기업의 혁신능력 개발에 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 확인하였다. 이는 흡수역량이 높을수록 혁신 능력이 높아진다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 모형에서 제시한 바와 같이 조직 문화가 흡수역량에 유의한 정(+)의 효과가 있음을 보여줍니다. 이는 조직 문화가 기업의 흡수역량을 개발하고 증가시킬 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 흡수역량은 외부의 지식을 통합하고 이를 기업의 역량으로 변환함으로써 조직에 도움이 될 수 있다. 이러한 흡수역량은 학습 지향적인 조직 문화의 결과이며, 지속 가능한 경쟁 우위를 창출의 기초가 된다. 셋째, 분석결과에 의하면, 흡수역량은 조직문화와 혁신능력 사이의 매개 변수이며 두 변수 사이의 다리 역할을 한다. 이는 흡수역량이 충분하지 않으면 기업의 조직 문화가 기업의 혁신 능력에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. 그러나 조직 문화가 기업의 흡수역량을 증가시킬 수 있다면 이는 기업의 혁신능력 강화에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 발견된 완전히 매개된 모델은 기업의 문화가 흡수역량을 강화시키고, 강화된 흡수역량은 회사의 제품 및 절차 혁신 능력을 개선하는 핵심 전략 요소임을 나타낸다.
Abstract
Innovation capability is considered as the prerequisite tool for many enterprises to enhance their productivity. Recently, the importance of Innovation capability as a tool for retaining the competitive advantage keeps growing. While most enterprises are currently seeking well equipped innovation capability, they are not good at creating the culture for facilitating the absorptive capacity and innovation capability. To improve the innovation capability, we propose that organizational culture affects absorptive capacity and innovation capability and, in sequence, the absorptive capacity affects innovation capability in Hi-tech venture enterprises. To test the above propositions, data were collected from a sample of 131 hi-tech venture enterprises in Daedeok Innopolis, the largest and oldest R&D cluster in Korea. In general, absorptive capacity was found as the intervening variable between organizational culture and innovation capability. In addition, organizational culture had a positive effect on absorptive capacity. More managerial implications and brief conclusions were as follows. First, our study suggests that absorptive capacity has a significant positive effect on innovation capability, indicating that absorptive capacity plays an important role in the development of a firm’s innovation capability. Thus, the higher absorptive capacity, the higher innovation capability. As predicted in the hypotheses, the research results also reveal that organization culture has a significant positive effect on absorptive capacity. This is an important finding since it varies from prior studies that treat absorptive capacity as an exogenous variable. Our study finds that organizational culture can both develop and increase a firm’s absorptive capacity. Absorptive capacity can benefit an organization by integrating external knowledge and then transforming it into the firm’s competence. This ability is part of learning oriented organization culture and is the basis of the firm creating sustainable competitive advantages. The research results show that absorptive capacity is the mediating variable between organizational culture and innovation capability, acting as a bridge between the two variables. This means that if absorptive capacity is inadequate, then the organizational culture in a firm will have less direct effect on the firm’s innovation capability. However, if the organizational culture can increase the firm’s absorptive capacity, it may have a significant effect on the firm’s innovation capacity. The completely mediating model found in this study indicates that absorptive capacity is a key strategic factor in improving a firm’s product and procedure innovation capability.
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