프로젝트 팀의 팀워크에 대한 인식유형 연구: Q방법론 적용
Understanding the Types of Team Members’ Perception of Teamwork in Project Teams: An Application of Q-Methodology
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초록
성공적인 조직들은 다양한 전문가를 확보하여, 잘 훈련된, 완성도가 높은 프로젝트 조직 그리고 팀워크의 중요성을 잘 알고 있다. 또한 새로운 제품이나 서비스를 만드는 프로젝트 팀들은특정한 기능과 목적을 위해서 만들어진다. 본 연구는 프로젝트 조직에서 다양한 팀 구성원들이팀워크를 어떻게 인식하는지를 밝히고, 구성원들이 인식하는 팀워크 유형에 따라 그 의미와 각유형에서 효과적인 팀워크를 위한 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 문헌 연구를 통해 33개의 Q 표본을, 스타트업 실무자들로 21명의 P 표본을 선정하여 Q 방법론을 적용한 결과, 팀워크의 유형은4가지로 인식되었다. 이들 유형은 커뮤니케이션 지향형, 목적 지향형, 감성 중심형 그리고 지식공유형으로 명명되었다. 이어서 각 팀 유형별 특성에 대해 논의하고, 그 특성에 따라 적합한 팀운영방향을 제시하였다. 또한 팀 구성원들의 업무 분야와 관련성에 대하여 논의하고 기존 문헌에서 제시한 팀워크의 구성 요소들과의 관련성도 분석하였다. 팀워크의 구성요소에 대한 기존연구들과 달리, 본 연구는 팀 구성원들의 인식 수준에서 팀워크에 대한 인식을 분류함에 따라, 팀워크의 요소들의 적합한 적용 방향을 제시하고 팀의 성과를 높이기 위해서 팀워크를 어떻게형성해가야 할지에 대한 의사 결정하는데 새로운 관점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
Successful organizations recognize the importance of gaining a wide range of expertise, training and developing project teams, and creating good teamworks. Also, project teams such as new product or service development teams are created for specific functions and purposes. This study aims to show how diverse team members in project teams perceive their teamwork, to discuss the meanings of teamwork types, and to provide the directions for effective teamwork in accordance with the members’ perception. In this study, the types of teamwork were revealed by applying the Q-methodology. For the Q-methodology, 33 Q-samples were derived through the literature review and 21 members of start-up teams were selected as P-samples. According to the results, teamwork types may be categorized into four groups: communication orientated, goal orientated, empathy focused and knowledge sharing focused. In the discussion section, the characteristics of each type of teamwork were discussed, and then the appropriate directions were suggested. As classifying teamworks based on team members’ perception, this study provides an appropriate guidance of applying the components of teamwork quality and new directions on building successful teamwork.
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