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호텔종사원의 감정노동이 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 감정소진의 매개효과와 직무열의의 조절효과

The Effect of Hotel Employees’ Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Effect of Emotional Exhaustion and the Moderating Effect of Job Engagement

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초록

본 연구는 호텔 종사자의 감정노동이 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이 과정에서 감정소진의 매개효과와 직무열의의 조절효과를 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 감정노동은 호텔업계에서 일상적으로 발생하는 현상으로, 종사자들이 고객과 상호작용하는 과정에서 자신의 감정을 억누르거나 조절해야 하는 경우가 빈번하다. 본 연구는 감정노동을 표면행위와 내면행위로 구분하여 각각의 차별적인 영향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 표면행위는 감정소진을 증가시켰고, 이로 인해 종사자의 이직의도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 반대로, 내면행위는 감정소진을 줄이는 데 기여하여 이직의도를 감소시키는 효과를 나타냈다. 또한 감정소진은 감정노동과 이직의도 간의 관계에서 중요한 매개역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났으며, 종사자의 감정적 에너지 고갈이 이직의도에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 점이 실증적으로 밝혀졌다. 나아가 본 연구는 직무열의가 감정노동과 감정소진 간의 관계에서 조절효과를 발휘하는지 분석하였다. 직무열의가 높은 종사자는 표면행위를 통해 감정소진을 겪더라도 그 영향이 상대적으로 약하게 나타났으며, 이는 직무열의가 종사자의 감정적 소진을 완화하는 완충제 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사한다. 직무열의가 높은 종사자는 업무에 대한 몰입도가 높고, 그로 인해 감정노동의 부정적 영향을 덜 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 호텔업계에서 종사자의 감정노동 관리와 감정소진을 완화하기 위한 조직적 차원의 노력이 필요함을 강조하며, 이를 통해 종사자의 이직률을 낮추고 조직 성과를 개선할 수 있는 실질적인 방안을 제시한다.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of emotional labor on turnover intention among hotel employees, focusing on the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating effect of job engagement. Emotional labor is a common phenomenon in the hotel industry, where employees frequently need to suppress or regulate their emotions during interactions with customers. The study categorizes emotional labor into surface acting and deep acting to examine their distinct effects. The findings indicate that surface acting increases emotional exhaustion, which in turn raises turnover intention. In contrast, deep acting helps reduce emotional exhaustion and subsequently lowers turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion plays a crucial mediating role between emotional labor and turnover intention, as the depletion of emotional energy directly influences employees' intention to leave the organization. Furthermore, the study investigates whether job engagement moderates the relationship between emotional labor and emotional exhaustion. Employees with high job engagement experience relatively lower emotional exhaustion from surface acting, suggesting that job engagement acts as a buffer, mitigating the negative effects of emotional labor. Highly engaged employees are more immersed in their work and, therefore, are less affected by the adverse impacts of emotional labor. This study emphasizes the need for organizational efforts to manage emotional labor and alleviate emotional exhaustion in the hotel industry, offering practical strategies to reduce turnover rates and improve organizational performance.

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