중국 고전시가의 산문적 요소 수용 배경 연구 -中唐에서 北宋까지의 문단을 중심으로-

Abstract

Yi wen wei shi(以文爲詩) is one of the artistic poem-composing styles in which poems are composed in the way of prose writing. Emerging in the Middle Tang period and flourishing in the Northern Song period, Yi wen wei shi has been considered very important in the history of Chinese poetry because it directly influenced the formation of the characteristics of the Song Poetry. My paper studies the development of the Yi wen wei shi style as well as the background of its expansion. First, I will discuss the backgrounds of the emergence of Yi wen wei shi in the Middle Tang. Most of poem critics refers Yi wen wei shi as the main feature of Han Yu's(韓愈) poetry. What made Han Yu develop Yi wen wei shi? It was not easy for poets in Han Yu's time to make their poetry distinguished from the works of Li Bai (李白) and Du Fu(杜甫), who belonged to the previous generation and left enormous achievements in poetic styles and poetry writing. But Han Yu developed a new style of poem-composing and formed a new school himself. It was Yi wen wei shi that made it possible for poets of the Middle Tang to present new styles in front of the brilliant accomplishment of the High Tang poetry. The Rebellion of An and Shi(安史之亂) was the turning point not only for the political and social conditions during the Tang period but also for the literature at that time. Through this incident, poets realized the socio-political reality of their time and found that the previous style of poetry could not describe the disorder they were experiencing. Therefore, they desperately needed a new style. This was the reason why the new poem-composing style of Yi wen wei shi developed. One of the significant changes in the Middle Tang literary world was the Classical Prose Movement(古文運動), which claimed the revival of the spirit of the Classical Prose of the Han dynasty(兩漢) and its use in poem composition. Now I will discuss why Yi wen wei shi developed in the Northern Song dynasty. In the early Song the sentimental character of the Five Dynasties(五代) was widespread and the Bai ti(白體), the Late Tang style(晩唐體) and the Xi Kun ti(西崑體) prevailed. By the time of the mid-Northern Song, Ouyang Xiu's(歐陽修) poetry corrected the Xi Kun ti and used the Qige(氣格)-oriented Yi wen wei shi style. Shao Yong(邵雍), in the mid-Northern Song, began to compose poetry by using prose elements. The lixue(理學) Scholars at that time had a little opinion about literature and used Yi wen wei shi to demonstrate their ideas. Therefore the Poetry and Prose Reform Movement(詩文革新運動) in the Northern Song became the basis for the development of Yi wen wei shi. In addition, there was a trend of fusion among the literary genres in the mid-Northern Song, which was possible because of the Song poets' openness to new styles. This trend of fusion between poetry and prose further enabled the development of the Yi wen wei shi style.