조선후기 천주교 서적에 나타난 ‘良知說’에 대하여

Abstract

From 16th centuries European missionaries in Chinese Catholic church have been making use of the word or the fashionable theory of Wang Yang-ming’s school(陽明學派) properly in their writings on Catholicism such as Tiānzhǔshíyì(天主實義), Wànwùzhēnyuán(萬物眞源), Zhēndàozìzhèng(眞道自證), Chéngshìchúráo(盛世芻蕘) from the Catholic viewpoint of Bǔrúlùn(補儒論) the adaptable theory for Confucianism. These Catholic writtings were rapidly spreaded in Choseon dynasty right after there publication in China. Therefore from the 18th centuries the Korean Catholics had been trying to prove the existence of the God(天主) and the God’s governing the world by using the Wang’s word such as liángxīn(良心, innate good mind), liángzhī(良知, innate good knowledge) or the theory Zhìliángzhī(致良知, expanding and deepening of the innate good knowledge), and their tryings appeared such Catholic documents as Shèngjiàoyàozhǐ(聖敎要旨), zhǔjiàoyàozhǐ(쥬교요지), Shàngzǎixiāngshū(上宰相書), Shèngjīngguǎngyìzhíjiě(성경광익직). In Choseon dynasty, the using of Wang’s theory by the Catholics was for enhancing the Confucian’s understanding and affinity over Catholicism and it was for displaying the excellency of Catholicism rising above the confucianism including Wang’s theory. This stream was stoped from 1831 the time of establishing Vicarial Apostolic in Choseon kingdom to 1880s owing to the policy that the Apostolic did not want to carry out the way of adoptable missionary like Bǔrúlùn(補儒論) and it focused the Seven Sacrament. Until now we have been studied only about the understnading of the Xīnghú school’s(星湖學派) over the Catholicism, but from now on we must study about that of the Ha-gok school’s(霞谷學派) which was the main stream of the Wang’s theory in late Choseon dynasty.