近代漢語表被動的“教/叫”字句與“被”字句的功能差異
A comparative study on bei(被) sentence and jiao(教/叫) sentence in pre-modern chinese
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This paper make a comparison between the “bei” sentence and “jiao” sentence in pre-Modern Chinese. The passive marker “jiao” evolves from the causative verb, and “bei” develops from the verb meaning “suffering” The “jiao” prototype meaning still affects its distribution in the syntactic and semantic environment, so when stating passive, “jiao” and “bei” displayed their a differences in syntax and semantics. The “jiao” sentence has characteristics of strong influence and strong mobility, which are relative to the animaicy and the volition of NP1 and NP2, and to the semantic features of verbs. And the passive use of “jiao” is not so complex and diverse as that of “bei” in syntactic structures. Therefore, the “jiao” sentence describes an action focusing on events and the implementation of actions, but “bei” focuses on stative results arising from some verbs. However,from the Qing Dynasty on “jiao” has more resultative complements, and began to express the results of patient’s being disposed by the verb, states or changes in states, and it confluenced with “bei”. However, in some aspects it is still in opposition with “bei”.
Abstract
This paper make a comparison between the “bei” sentence and “jiao” sentence in pre-Modern Chinese. The passive marker “jiao” evolves from the causative verb, and “bei” develops from the verb meaning “suffering” The “jiao” prototype meaning still affects its distribution in the syntactic and semantic environment, so when stating passive, “jiao” and “bei” displayed their a differences in syntax and semantics. The “jiao” sentence has characteristics of strong influence and strong mobility, which are relative to the animaicy and the volition of NP1 and NP2, and to the semantic features of verbs. And the passive use of “jiao” is not so complex and diverse as that of “bei” in syntactic structures. Therefore, the “jiao” sentence describes an action focusing on events and the implementation of actions, but “bei” focuses on stative results arising from some verbs. However,from the Qing Dynasty on “jiao” has more resultative complements, and began to express the results of patient’s being disposed by the verb, states or changes in states, and it confluenced with “bei”. However, in some aspects it is still in opposition with “bei”.
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