영어와 이탈리아어 동족목적어 구문의 비교; 비대격, 비능격 중심으로 재구조화
Comparison between English and Italian Cognate Object Constructions: Reconstruction based on Unergatives and Unaccusatives.
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자동사는 일반적으로 목적어를 취할 수 없다. 그러나 자동사가 그 동사와 의미적으로 혹은 형태적으로 동일한 NP를 목적어로 취할 때 이를동족목적어 구문이라고 한다. 본 논문에서는 동족목적어 구문을 비대격동사와 비능격동사로 나누어 각각 타동성과 자동성을 규명하였다. 이를뒷받침 하기위해, 영어와 이탈리아어 구문을 비교 분석하여 그 것을 통사적, 의미적 양방향으로 도식화 하였다. 주어가 “능동자” 혹은 “행위자” 논항인 비능격 동족목적어 구문은 통사적, 의미적으로 타동사의 전형적인 성격을 지닌다. 반면, 주어가 “대상자” 혹은 “수동자” 논항인 비대격 동족목적어 구문은 외현적 목적어가 의미적으로 부가어적인 성격을 지닌 자동사의 전형이라고 가정한다. 첫째, 영어의 비능격 동족목적어구문은 자동사에서 타동사로 재구조화하며, 이탈리아어는 비능격 구조 자체가 “영 또는 외현적 동족목적어”를 가지는 타동 구문으로서, 두언어는 통사와 의미 구조가 동일하다고 주장한다. 둘째, 비대격 동족목적어구문은 두 언어 모두 의미적 부가어를 내포한 자동사 구문으로서두 언어의 의미 구조가 동일하다.
Abstract
In a sentence containing a Cognate Object, an intransitive verb typically takes a noun phrase that has the same significance or the same morphological root as an object(Sailer 2010, pp. 192). Additionally, the aspects of Italian Cognate Object Construction(COC) are fewer in number compared to the English COC. Moreover, in Italian unergative verbs can take overt-cognate objects, while in English both unergatives and unaccusatives can generally do so. This paper aims to reconstruct COCs based on various theoretical and empirical suppositions through a comparison between the meanings and forms of English and Italian COCs as follows. First, an unergative COC, whose subject's theta-role is typically "Agent" or "Experiencer", is assumed to be a transitive construction with a concept of absolute transitivity. In English, however, the cognate object appears only in the form of the overt-NP, while in Italian, it is realized as a "null or overt-Cognate Object". Second, an unaccusative COC, whose subject's theta-role is generally "Patient" or "Theme" is thematically supposed to be an intransitive construction containing its conceptual adjunct at the level of the Conceptual Structure(CS). This is realized as categorial transitivity in English, but intransitivity in Italian at the level of the Grammatical Function(GF).
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