단눈치오와 스베보의 ‘의식의 흐름’ 비교 연구

Abstract

In this study, the flow of consciousness of the protagonist was examined from a psychoanalytic perspective using Freud's psychology through Svevo's “la coscienza di Zeno” along with D’Annunzio's novels (I romanzi della rosa). The study of the flow of consciousness in the works of these two artists can be said to be a discovery of the inner world of human beings in the transition to modernism. D’Annunzio's works, which were advanced in time, are early feature novels and are still works before Freud's psychology was released. Nevertheless, the common keyword between the two artists is concentrated in the word ‘unconscious’. In the novel of D’Annunzio, a decadance literary work, the protagonist appears in the inner world, unlike the somewhat exaggerated and inflated ideal appearance of human beings, with inner pain leading to a disease leading to death through pain. The consciousness of the protagonist, who feels a gap between reality and ideal, is associated with the automatic technique method. Through this, the artist reveals the flow of consciousness of the protagonist. Influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic criticism that expresses the world of the unconscious as a world of dreams and imaginations is called Surrealism. This unconscious world is an irrational world and sits on the opposite side of the rational world. Through this study, I compared and studied the inner world of the two artists through the subconscious. The characteristic of “La coscienza di Zeno” was a psychological novel that described the individual's consciousness that was not seen in a trueist writer such as Giovanni Verga. This is a description of the consciousness of the protagonist Zeno's Memories through cigarettes. However, it can be seen that these techniques of time and psycho-physiological theories are clearly revealed in D’Annunzio's early novels. The common technique between the two artists is that the past lives like the present and plays a role. Even in the narrative technique, the order is reversed using the reminiscence method, rather than in the order of time. D’Annunzio's work was at the time when Freud's theory was not published, so it can be seen that the influence relationship between the two writers reflects the social image of the end of the century. What they have in common is that they perceived the expression of desire through irrational unconsciousness in a situation of absurdity as a mental illness of invisible modern people.