『논어』‘正名’의 현실 지향적 독해

Abstract

The notions of Confucius largely consist of benevolence(仁) and justice(義). However, this has mainly been understood in terms of the proprieties(禮) and Rectification of Names(RN). Thereafter, later Confucians interpreted moral philosophy within both characteristics in the Analects of Confucius as the nature of humans and cosmological perspectives, which is willing to make it ideal. Nevertheless, this characteristic is related to the ritual procedures and includes religious elements but prioritizes definite practicality. Although it is general that his notions are described in accordance with virtue(德), the RN is the most important aspect because of the abovementioned practicality. Naturally, the RN refers to as “Let the ruler be a ruler, the minister be a minister, the father be a father, and the son be a son”(君君臣臣父父子子) but it respectively differs because all philosophers and scholars focus on justification(名分) along with name and reality(名實) and the latter period of Moists and the Dialecticians made it develop the linguistic and logical incident. Although this means that its interpretations possibly vary, it is strongly possible that these interpretations stemmed from concrete realities that Confucius experienced and became philosophical prescription. This research is based on the RN of Confucius, related references on the Analects of Confucius, and all philosophers and scholars literatures and implies three aspects. Firstly, the rectification(正) of RN indicates the self-discipline of rulers and secondly, the RN is preceded by mingfenlun(名分論) and mingshilun(名實論) interpretations, and in fact, it is able to simultaneously include both traits but isn’t divided. Lastly, posing the RN intends to emphasize the responsibility of rulers that functions as written political prescriptions in historical conditions. It is very likely that this research defines the quotations of Confucius, the Analects of Confucius, as experienced specific and historical results and illuminates the beginning of his reality-oriented thoughts. In this respect, every individual is willing to fulfill his or her social roles and this is generally understood in accordance with his RN. However, there is no doubt that this tendency is impractical generalized aspect. Also, understanding Confucius’ notions aim to be not ideal but detailed and realistic and therefore, further meaningful interpretations diversely appear.