미숙아 간호중재에 관한 국내연구 고찰
Literature Review on Nursing Intervention for Premature Infants in Korea
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초록
본 연구에서는 국내 간호 전공분야의 주요한 5개의검색 데이터베이스를 이용하여 미숙아를 대상으로 한간호중재에 관한 국내 선행연구들의 연구 동향을 분석하였다. 국내의 미숙아 간호중재 관련 논문은 아동간호학 전체의 논문에서 많은 비율을 차지하고 있고 이론적, 실무적 발전을 위해 많은 긍정적인 노력을 하고 있지만, 이번 문헌연구를 통해 개선해야 할 측면들도 발견할 수있었다. 연구 설계의 측면에서 볼 때, 현재까지 순수실험연구가 없음을 확인할 수 있었고, 유사실험연구를 수행한 경우에도 표본크기 산출 근거를 제시한 논문은 적었으며 표본 수 역시 연구한 중재를 일반화시켜 근거중심의 실무에 적용하기에는 적은 수준이다. 향후 국내연구에서도 좀 더 근거를 명확히 하기 위해서는 연구설계의 강화와 적정 대상자 수를 확보하여 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 중재에서는 주로 수유증진을 위한 구강간호, 안위간호, 적절한 감각자극을 제공 등이 주를이루고 있으며 신체적, 정신적 영역에 있어 미숙아 및부모에게 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 아직 환경조절이나 체위조절 및 개별화된 발달증진 간호 중재는 부족하나 기존 연구의 방법론적 부분을 강화하고 좀 더 다양한 미숙아 간호중재 연구를 통해 적절한 프로토콜을 확보하여 임상에 활발하게 적용될 수있기를 기대한다.
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to research on nursing intervention of premature infants in Korean literature to identify the current state of premature infants intervention research and recommend directions for future research. Methods: Using EBN analysis criteria modified by the researchers, 56 papers searched by search terms on 5 medical search DBs were reviewed. Results: Most experimental studies were quasi-experimental studies (96.4%), 56 out of research. 44.6% studies cited both gestational age and birth weight in inclusion criterias and the number of research subjects was various. Studies were classified by data collection methods into self-reporting questionnaire, structured interview, medical record review, observation and physiological measures. 28.6% of intervention research studied during 2004~2005. Multimodal sensory stimulation studies were dominant (67.9%), following in order were oral stimulation (14.3%), promoting comfort (14.3%) and environment control (3.6%). Dependent variables measuring intervention effects classified as physical, psychological and psychomotor variables. Most studies reported positive effects on premature infants in various fields. Conclusions: Korean literatures about nursing intervention of premature infants had a lot of percentage in pediatric nursing and made positive effort to theoretical and practical development. Future research will be needed to establish appropriate protocols and expect to use widely in clinical field.
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