아동성폭력 피해특성과자기비난 및 외상 후 스트레스 증상 간의 관련성
Relationship between Characteristic in Abuse, Self-Blame and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Sexually Abused Children
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본 연구는 아동성폭력 피해특성을 분석하고, 피해특성이 자기비난 및 외상 후 스트레스 증상에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 목적으로 시도되었다. 본 연구에서는 자기비난 및 외상 후 스트레스 증상에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 신체손상이 주요한 영향 요인임을 확인하였음에 의의가 있다. 아동이 성폭력 피해로 신체손상이심할수록 자기비난 및 외상 후 스트레스 증상이 높다는것을 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 성폭력 피해아동의 심리적후유증 최소화를 위한 중재를 계획하고 치료할 때에는신체손상 유무 및 손상정도를 핵심요소로서 고려해야할 것이다. 성폭력 피해로 인한 신체손상이 있거나 의심되는 경우 부모 및 양육자 등 인지자는 인지초기에 증거확보와 신체손상 치료를 위해 의료기관 또는 성폭력전담기관에 방문하게 된다. 따라서 의료인 및 심리치료사, 성폭력 피해아동을 다루는 전문가는 피해아동의 신체손상에 따른 심리적 증상을 이해하고, 신체손상이 있는 경우 적극적으로 정신적 진료, 심리적 평가 및 치료를 권유하여야 한다. 이상의 연구 결과를 토대로 신체손상이 자기비난, 외상 후 스트레스 증상 외에 우울, 불안, 분노 등 다른 심리적 증상에도 영향을 미치는 주요 요인인지에 대한 후속연구를 제언한다. 또한 성폭력 피해에 대한 부모의 인식과 반응이 아동의 심리적 상태에 영향을 줄 가능성을배제할 수 없으므로 피해아동의 신체손상 정도에 따른부모 및 양육자의 심리적 증상 차이에 대해 분석하는연구도 의미가 있을 것을 생각한다.
Abstract
Purpose: The current study attempts to investigate the relationships between victimization characteristics, self-blame and post-traumatic stress symptoms in sexually abused children. Methods: In order to answer the attempted question, we measure and analyze the forensic evaluations and psychological evaluations of 103 sexually abused children who visited Sexual Abuse Response Center between 2007 and 2012. The data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0 Program. Results: At the correlation coefficients analysis the physical injury was significantly associated with self-blame (r=.37, p<.01) and post-traumatic stress (r=.32, p<.01). When controlling the Gender, physical injury was the only factor that was independently related to self-blame (β=.34, p=.002), however for the post-traumatic stress symptoms both gender (β=-.22, p=.031) and physical injury (β=.28, p=.011) were showed significantly effect to the post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusion: Children who have experienced physical injuries from sexual abuse are more likely to show self-blame attributions and post-traumatic symptoms. Therefore medical professionals must understand the effects of physical injuries on traumatic symptoms and also recommend psychological treatment in treating physical injuries of sexually abused child victims.
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