호랑이 퇴치담의 신화성과 여성주의적 접근 - ‘음란한 짓으로 맹수 놀라 도망가게 하기’ 유형을 중심으로

Abstract

The type of ‘Expelling Fierce Animals by Frightening them though Lecheries’ is a tale with the plot in which an ordinary male or female deceives and expels a tiger by taking off his/her clothes and showing his/her sexual organs to it. This paper examines this type from the perspectives of folklore, anthropology and feminism. It investigated the mythical context appearing in the tales and analyzed how gender subjects are organized in the patriarchal society. First, it analyzed the narrative structures by arranging the list of variants and categorized the types. Then, it sub-categorized the types into self-sufficiency, cooperation and imitation, by considering the arrangement of motifeme and the subjects expelling a tiger. The sub-type of self-sufficiency is again divided into male's and female's tales. Second, it recognized that this tale was produced by reflecting a variety of mythological factors appearing in sexual organ worship, and creating, heroic and shaman myths, etc. and examined its characteristics shared by myths around characters' traits and the narrative structures. The female tales which has been most actively transmitted was examined to show that females who expel a tiger, the characters who can use tricks and metamorphic conjury, like mythological heroines, have goddesses' ability to regenerate homes/ societies by using vitality with which their bodies (vagina) are filled. This study also regarded the process in which a female expels a tiger as the rite of passage (the entrance ritual) of heroic characters and also found that it shares the sacrificial character appearing in heroines' rite of passage, such as Baridegi and Danggeumaegi. Here, the tiger which destructs the existing order has a filthy meaning that should be subdued to reorganize the stable order. Third, it focused on how the subject construction is achieved by this tale containing the patriarchy ideology by reviewing the sub- types of narratives. The male/female narratives discriminately constructed around sexual organs was initially premised on the proses in which males and females are subjectivized according to the naming of the patriarchy ideology. The tiger which intervenes in the subjectivization process of male/female was interpreted as the ‘power’ and ‘patriarchy phallus’ naming the subject. The results of the analysis showed that male and female subjects in the patriarchy ideology were produced as the bodies suitable for maintaining the male-dominated system based on the framework(strategy) making boundaries between naming and distinction, between male and female subjects, and between standard and non-standard. Such a gendering method is problematic, in that it is based on a biological essential theory, sexual discrimination and male-universalism. More serious problem is that this tale is enjoyed as an obscene and a joke, while the gender idea or the logic of misogyny, the premises of it are naturalized. Uncritical and unconscious speech and behavior can function as discourses justifying both female oppression and subordination and can be hegemony tools used for persisting the ideology of male domination. This is a key reason why this tale should be read from the feminist view. This paper is thought to have an implication, in that it extends the relevant data and tries a new reading, by including the type which has not attracted attention from academic circles as an object of research.