대한제국시대 통속민요 생성에 대한 연구

Abstract

This paper researches the formation of popular folksong called t'ongsok minyo 通俗民謠 in the context of the birth of popular culture and the transformation into an industrial society since the late Chosŏn dynasty. It is presumed that the formation of popular folksong (t'ongsok minyo) increased since the period of Great Korean Empire (1897-1910), however, with scant documents left to prove this hypothesis. For instance, the examples of t'ongsok minyo can be found only in the collection of lyrics called Singu chapgajip 『新舊雜歌集』(Collection of Old and New Songs). Based on this book, it is plausible to assume that they were formed during the Great Korean Empire. In this paper, I examined the origins and the performing groups of t'ongsok minyo and the changes of t'ongsok minyo culture when the performing groups and the functions of music underwent tremendous transformations. I illustrated that the changes in the function of music revealed variations according to the origins of t'ongsok minyo. Firstly, t'ongsok minyo such as Ch‘angbu t’aryŏng 창부타령, Norae karak 노래가락, Paettaragi 배따라기, Sanyŏmbul 산염불, Sŏngju p'uri 성주푸리, Sŏuje sori 서우제소리 were originated from shaman's songs which were performed by shamans in rituals and were gradually developed into the form of popular entertainment. Secondly, t'ongsok minyo such as Arirang 아리랑, Kinari 긴아리, Nongbuga 농부가, Panga t'aryŏng 방아타령, Yukchabaegi 육자배기, Pet'ŭlga 베틀가, Mulle t'aryŏng 물레타령, Paennorae 뱃노래 were originated from work songs of worker groups and transformed into popular entertainment. Finally, t'ongsok minyo such as Kil Kunak 길군악, Odol ttogi 오돌또기, Kalkka poda 갈까보다, Panga t'aryŏng 방아타령, Kyŏnggi Kaeguri taryŏng 경기개구리타령, Paekkot t'aryŏng 배꽃타령, Maehwa t'aryŏng 매화태령, Yukcha paegi 육자백이, Namdo Hŭngt'aryŏng 남도흥타령, Namdo kaeguri t'aryŏng 남도개구리타령 were originated from play songs of playing groups such as Norip‘ae 놀이패 and were transformed to popular entertainment. Moreover, I found that performing groups arranged t'ongsok minyo such as Kin Arirang 긴아리랑, Kinari 긴아리, Panga t'aryŏng 방아타령, Susimga 수심가 and created new kinds of t'ongsok minyo; therefore the performing groups immensely contributed to the creation of t'ongsok minyo genre as popular entertainment. In this regard, various kinds of songs originally performed by different performing groups for specific functions were secularized and popular folksongs called as t'ongsok minyo were created as a distinct genre.