영제 <삼귀의> 절차의 시대적 변천 연구

Abstract

In the procedure of Yŏngsan chakbŏp 靈山作法of Buddhism, Samgwiŭi 三歸依where chakpŏmmu 作法舞(Buddhist dance) is performed in the first place is involved in believing in three treasures - Buddha, Buddhism, and Buddhist. in other words,it is the most elemental and intrinsic ritual. The findings are that there are some differences in ritual procedure between Ŏsanjip 漁山集(Collection of Buddhist Chants) published by Pŏmŏsa 梵魚寺temple in 1700's and now in use, and some differences in procedure of Samgwiŭi in the collections of Buddhism ritual of Chosŏn dynasty with periods. Accordingly, In the body. It is necessary to compare and examine what differences between Ŏsanjip by Pŏmŏsa temple in 1700's and now in use are how Samgwiŭi now in use has changed in ritual. Furthermore, it cannot be overlooked to compare and consider the phrase of changes in procedure of Samgwiŭi depending on periods through the collections of Buddhism ritual of Chosŏn dynasty: Chinŏn kwŏn'gong 眞言勸供(1496), Yŏngsan taehoe chakpŏp chŏlch'a 靈山大會作法節次(1634), Ojong pŏmŭmjip 五種梵音集(1661), Chebanmun 諸般文(1694), Sanbo pŏmŭmjip 刪補梵音集(1713), Chŏ' nji myŏngyang suryuk chaeŭi pŏmŭm sanbojip 天地冥陽水陸齋儀梵音刪補集(1739)and so on. The points are as followings:First, the procedure of Samgwiŭi is very simple in Chinŏn kwŏn'ong (1496) which is the oldest one among the collections of Buddhism ritual. But the procedures of pulboch'an 佛寶讚, pŏppoch'an 法寶讚and sŭngboch'an 僧寶讚are added in Yŏngsan taehoe chakpŏp chŏlch'a (1634) and they are renamed as pulch'an 佛讚, chungbu bŏppoch'an 中副法寶贊, sambu sŭngch'an 三副僧贊 in Ojong pŏmŭmjip (1661). Moreover, pulch'an is sung after pulch'an'ge 佛讚偈, pŏpch'an 法讚after pŏbch'an'ge 法讚偈and sŭngch'an 僧寶after sŭngch'an'ge 僧寶偈, and it seems that such a way as pulch'anㆍpŏpch'anㆍsŭngch'an is a kind of a transitional form of taejikch'an 大直讚,chungjikch'an 中直讚, and sochikch'an 小直讚of descendants. Afterwards, the title of Samgwiŭi is omitted and the terms of taejikch'an, chungjikch'an, sochikch'an first appeared in Chŏ' nji myŏngyang suryuk chaeŭi pŏmŭm sanbojip (1739). Thus, there is no doubt that the procedures in the collections of Buddhism ritual of Chosŏn dynasty are changed and devised as time goes by and eventually they come into being as they are now in use. The second, while the terms of ch'anbulbo, ch'anbŏppo, and ch'ansŭngbo are shown in Ŏsanjip published by Pŏmŏsa temple in 1700's, those of pulboch'an, pŏppoch'an and sŭngboch'an are being used in Pusan 釜山and of pulboch'an, pŏppoch'an and sŭngboch'an in Masan 馬山today. Another thing to be found is that ch'anbŏppo and ch'ansŭngbo in Ŏsanjip has the different lyrics from those of pŏppoch'an and sŭngboch'an now in use. The thing we cannot look over in Ŏsanjip is that though taejikch'an is described,chungjikch'an and sochikch'an are left out. Another characteristic is shown that ch'anbulbo appears after taejikch'an, not taejikch'an after pulch'an. Finally, while the ritual is performed as scheduled when there is only songs without chakpŏmmu (Buddhist dance), ritual come to have a changed procedure when Samgwiŭi chakpŏmmu is performed. Since it takes more time to perform the ritual with dance, the procedure should be shortened. this phenomenon is all the same with Masan and Pusan as well as Seoul. As mentioned above, the changes of procedures with periods are being taking place even now. First of all, however, As these changed ritual procedures are not the correct way, there's always the concern about being transmitted incorrectly. Therefore, After we understand it properly, kyŏn'gi ijak 見機而作to proceed to do something looking over and depending on the circumstances- should be done.