편종과 편경의 주요 장식에 관한 연구

Abstract

There are little doubt that determining factor of external appearance of the Korean traditional instruments are a size, a shape and an ornament. Study of the features of Korean instruments is extremely significant with regard to regaining the lost sentimentality due to the Japanese colonization. Despite this significance, it seems that not many of close investigation has been conducted into Korean instruments hitherto. This paper will explore main ornament of p'yŏnjong 編鍾 and p'yŏn'gyŏng 編磬. After searching the figures of a head of a dragon called yongdu 龍頭, and of a head of a chinese phoenix called pongdu 鳳頭, and the chonggŏ 鐘虡 ornament and the kyŏnggŏ 磬虡 ornament, it was revealed that the yongdu, pongdu and chonggŏ, kyŏnggŏ from the Chosŏn 朝鮮 Dynasty were clearly different from that of today. Moreover, the unknown facts of the primary ornaments hitherto were able to be noticed. Firstly, p'yŏnjong and p'yŏn'gyŏng of the Chosŏn Dynasty were used for two kinds of kaja 架子 divided into morning assembly music and ritual music. Whether a copper waxed soft iron was utilized was a deciding factor in dealing with the use of yongdu and pongdu. Furthermore, chonggŏ ornaments that used lions and tigers, and kyŏnggŏ ornaments which used ducks and wild goose were divided in accordance with a type of animal used. Secondly, the kyŏnggŏ ornament which has been known as ducks so far, was, precisely speaking, revealed as a wild duck. P'yŏn'gyŏng which deployed two sorts of wild duck ornaments seemingly appears to be both sexes were discovered. This appearance seems to be a representation of the principle of yin 陰 and yang 陽 set facing in the West and the East by differently decorating kyŏnggŏ ornament of p'yŏn'gyŏng as female and male. This duck ornament was applied for morning assembly music and the wild goose ornament was for ritual music. Thirdly, pongdu in left and right were not identical in their feature, and this dissimilarity can be assumed to be an engraved male and a female called pong 鳳 and hwang 凰 each. It is observed that the left and right of pong and hwang are reversely decorated. This reserved allocation can be seen that the even direction that pong and hwang head was intended when arranging p'yŏn'gyŏng on the East and West. Fourthly, It can be observed that the chonggŏ ornaments in the photograph of p'yŏn'gyŏng from Chosŏn aakki sajinch'ŏp 『朝鮮雅樂器 寫眞帖』 (The Album of the Chosŏn Court Music) and from Yiwangga akki 『李王家樂器』 (The Album of the Yi Dynasty Instrument) are the same kind of chonggŏ ornaments from “P'yŏnjong from Koreanishe Music” written by Andreas Eckardt. Furthermore, with little doubt it is observed that this animal is a lion. The former picture has led a perception that the lion ornaments are rather grotesque, the latter photograph, however, clearly illustrates that the ornament of lion was carved with gentleness and child-like innocence, signifying the aesthetics of the Chosŏn dynasty.