묘향산 용주봉의 진신사리 탑을 통해 본 球形 浮屠와 사리구

Abstract

There is a Shakyamuni sarira stupa standing on the Yongju peak(龍珠峰) behind the main building(大雄殿) of Bohyeon temple(普賢寺) in Myohyang mountain(妙香山), The stupa was originally built in Naewonam(內院庵) area but was moved to the Younju peak in 1930s after it floated downstream during the great flood around 1915. The stupa consists of two story octagonal bolster, four story octagonal pavilion-shaped body, and sphere main body with podium and lotus base. The content of the stupa stele(塔碑) written by the Buddhist priest Hyujeong(休靜大師) informs the construction time and patron of the stupa and background situation when the stupa was built, which provide new art historical perspective as follows. First, early Indian stupa, bell-shaped stone(石鐘形) stupa on the terrace for ordainment, and sphere body(球形 塔身) stupa all can be grouped as Jong(鍾). Original meaning of Jong(鍾) is round shape of grass mound, wine container, and wine cup, which is similar to the shape of early stupa and has different meaning from Jong(鐘). From the story about Jongdae(鐘臺) which was offered during the ordainment ceremony, cited in the Gyedandogyeong(戒壇圖經) by Doseon, the bell(鐘) became to be related to the shape of stupa. Second, Iksan Mireuksaji west stone stupa's(益山 彌勒寺址西石塔) relics of gilt-bronze outer jar, gold inner jar, and Buyeo Wangheungsaji's(夫餘 王興寺址) relics of silver outer jar shows in Baekje era, such as the Han Dynasty bronze Jong. So I think the shape of the bell(鐘) appeared in the Record of Bulguksa Temple Stupa's Renovation(佛國寺西石塔重修形止記) is likely form of Sakyamuni Stupa at Bulguksa Temple's silver sarira jar(銀製舍利壺) and sarira case(舍利盒) than silver sarira outer(銀製舍利外盒) and inner case(內盒). Third, with the development of the Chinese Chan Buddhism, the early Indian stupa shape called Jong(鍾) became rounder which symbolizing tathatā(眞如), the nature of Buddha(佛性), self-examination or svabhāva(自性) as a seamless shape monk stupa(無縫塔) in the 8th century, The change began with the national priest Namyang Hyechung(南楊 慧忠國師) and the inscription of the stupa stele of the Jeongtosa temple(淨土寺) Buddhist master Beopgyeong(法鏡大師) tells that the egg shaped monk stupas(卵塔) of him and his disciple, the national master Hongbeop(弘法國師), were derived from the above mentioned stupa. Fourth, Since the sphere body(球形 塔身) stupa and the bell-shaped stone(石鐘形) stupa on the terrace were appeared as Jong(鍾) on the stupa of Yongju peak stele, the Shakyamuni sarira stupa on the east side of the Hoeamsa temple(檜巖寺) built with the patronage of the Prince Hyoryeong (孝寧大君) in the tenth year of King Sejo(世祖)'s reign(1464) is the one now standing on the northeastern part Hoeamsa temple site(檜巖寺址). Therefore, the stupa testifies the emergence of the sphere body Shakyamuni sari stupa which became to be constructed continuously afterwards.