국내 컨테이너항만의 관문항 기능변화에 관한 연구
A Study on Changes in Gateway Functions of Domestic Container Ports
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본연구는 국내 11개 컨테이너 항만의 관문항 기능변화를 HHI(Hirschman-Herfindahl Index) 및 변이-할당법(Shift-Share)을 통해 분석하여 정부의 항만정책 효과성을 살펴보고자 하였다. HHI(허핀달-허쉬만 지수)를 통해 권역별 집중도를 조사한 결과, 동남해권과 서남해권은 여전히 높은 집중도를 유지하며 독점적 구조를 보였으나, 서해권은 HHI지수상 독점적 구조이기는 하나 인천항과 평택·당진항 간 경쟁으로 과점적 구조로 변화하고 있음이 확인되었다. 변이-할당 분석에서는 권역별 항만 시스템 내 항만 간 물동량 점유 및 변이를 분석하였으며, 부산항은 초기에는 물동량 손실을 겪었지만 이후 회복한 것으로 나타났다. 광양항은 정부의 투 포트 정책에 따라 남해권에서 물동량을 흡수해 성장했으나, 최근 들어 경쟁력 매우 약화되었고, 인천항과 평택·당진항은 서해권의 성장 중심지로 자리 잡으며 물동량이 꾸준히 증가하였고, 서해권의 관문항 기능이 강화된 것을 확인하였다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the changes in the gateway functions of 11 container ports in Korea using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Shift-Share analysis to assess the effectiveness of government port policies. The HHI analysis indicates that the Southeast and Southwest Sea regions maintain high concentration levels, reflecting monopolistic structures. In contrast, the West Sea region, although still characterized as monopolistic by the HHI, is shifting towards an oligopolistic structure due to increased competition between Incheon and Pyeongtaek-Dangjin ports. The Shift-Share analysis examined shifts and shares of cargo volumes among ports within each region. It revealed that Busan Port initially faced cargo volume losses but later made a recovery. Gwangyang Port grew by attracting cargo volumes from the South Sea region under the government’s two-port policy; however, its competitiveness has significantly weakened recently. Incheon and Pyeongtaek-Dangjin ports have emerged as growth centers in the West Sea region, with steadily increasing cargo volumes that enhance the gateway functions of this area.
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